1. ® IP over ???? ® GLOBECOM ‘99 December 6, 1999

2. ® Globecom ‘99 December 6, 1999OutlineOutline Concentrate on the network core Deficiencies with traditional SDH equipment Continuing role of the SDH protocol The emerging Intelligent Optical Core What role will the OTN play?

3. ® Globecom ‘99 December 6, 1999 The Single-Wavelength Disconnect Multi-Wavelength Transmission Single Wavelength Transmission Lower Speeds Single Wavelength Transmission Lower Speeds  Excessive Space, Power  Long Planning Intervals  Long Service Delivery Intervals  High Cost of Service Fiber Optic Cable

4. ® Globecom ‘99 December 6, 1999 CoreDirector Enables Multi-Wavelength Networks Multi-Wavelength Networking Fiber Optic Cable Reduced Space, Power Simplified Network Shortened Delivery Intervals Lowest Cost of Ownership Lower Speeds Lower Speeds

5. ® Globecom ‘99 December 6, 1999 Why “Eliminate SONET” Capital Cost Savings of 30 - 50% Eliminates SDH ADM Operations Cost Savings of 50 - 60% Simplified Network Management Significant Power, Floor Space Savings Source: Enron Communications But what does “eliminate SONET” really mean?

6. ® Globecom ‘99 December 6, 1999 SONET Box Vs. SONET Protocol The SONET Box-why hate it? Space, power, cost of current products More express traffic, less need for muxing The SONET/SDH Protocol-why love it? Global standards for interoperability Performance management features Universal transport layer for voice and data Implemented in VLSI components Advanced DWDM systems use the SONET protocol! Data routers and switches do too!

7. ® Globecom ‘99 December 6, 1999 Single-Wavelength Networks: Slow to Deliver Service IP ATM/FR Circuit Planning & Provisioning Complexity Grooming Complexity Long Service Delivery Interval Typical transport network with DACS, ADM, WDM

8. ® Globecom ‘99 December 6, 1999 Rapid Service Delivery Ingress Egress I know the network topology and characteristics... …and can provide end-to- end optimization of... …all capacities across all switch fabrics OSRP Radically Reduces Planning, Provisioning, and Grooming. Fast and Easy Provisioning

9. ® Globecom ‘99 December 6, 1999 Do we need a new “Optical Layer” Does technology allow an all-optical layer? So far, truly all-optical technology lacks the ability to measure performance adequately So, the ITU is working on all-electronic solutions to optical channel management

10. ® Globecom ‘99 December 6, 1999 Optical Transport Network - ITU Optical channel overhead OCh Overhead 1 column X 16 rows 16 Octet frame FEC 16 rows X 16 columns 256 Octets Data 16 rows X 238 columns 3808 Octets Bit rate expanded by 15/14, 7% overhead Digital wrapper frame is based on fixed size data block (SONET/SDH is time based, with a 125 microsecond frame) (4X superframe yields 64 total octets for Och overhead) Working assumption - no US or ITU agreement

11. ® Globecom ‘99 December 6, 1999 10G SONET/SDH Signal Data* 1,202,688 bits Overhead for 10G Frame: 5184 bytes 41472 bits per 125 microseconds =331,776,000 bits/second * including path level overhead Many overhead octets are undefined!

12. ® Globecom ‘99 December 6, 1999SummarySummary Do we need a different all-electronic optical layer? Carriers now directly connect IP and DWDM boxes, using SDH framing The Optical Internetworking Forum is basing interoperability implementation agreements on SDH/SONET framing Dynamic control of optical networks will dramatically reduce operations costs