1. A Visit to Ghost Ranch Jim Linnemann Michigan State University & Los Alamos National Laboratory June 18, 2003

2. The Milagro All-Sky TeV Gamma-Ray Telescope  Look for high energy photons  “particles” of light  Photons point back  see where they came from  Recent Results  Crab nebula  All-sky survey  Galactic Plane  GRB searches  Look for high energy photons  “particles” of light  Photons point back  see where they came from  Recent Results  Crab nebula  All-sky survey  Galactic Plane  GRB searches

3. What are Cosmic Rays? Fast moving particles from— the cosmos: of no earthly origin `But then, the same is true of starlight –Most are electrically charged How do you see them? (Experimental Physics) –Finding a way to detect things –“extrasensory” perception Real phenomena, right under our noses The lure of secret knowledge still attracts…

6. Milagro Detector

9. Moon Shadow: Energy Scale Calibration Proton Response E = 640±70 GeV (MC 690 GeV)   = 0.9 o

10. The moon’s shadow is sharp: blurred only by earth’s magnetic field and detector’s resolution

11. The Sun Produces some Cosmic Rays: A Solar Prominence

12. Material Ejected from the Sun by Magnetic Fields

13. The sun’s magnetic field deflects cosmic rays and blurs its image Can use to study the sun

14. The Milky Way—seen in light 100 million times more energetic than light from the sun A satellite

16. A Source of Gamma Rays: The Crab Nebula Supernova seen in 1054 AD Still shining: light particles with 1 trillion times more energy than sunlight photons A spinning neutron star with a strong magnetic field (pulsar) Accelerates electrons, which transfer much of their energy to photons

17. The Crab Nebula Raw Data On: 16,987,703 Off: 16,981,520 Significance: 1.4  Raw Data On: 16,987,703 Off: 16,981,520 Significance: 1.4  Cut Data On: 1,952,917 Off: 1,945,109 Excess: 7,808 (~10/day) Significance: 5.4  Cut Data On: 1,952,917 Off: 1,945,109 Excess: 7,808 (~10/day) Significance: 5.4 

18. An Active Galactic Nucleus

19. Gravity, Magnetic Fields, and Relativity combine to send energetic light particles across the universe…

20. Colliding neutron stars making black holes: one model for distant gamma ray bursts

21. Sources change with energy: Leave traces in spectrum