1. AAE450 Senior Spacecraft Design Kate Mitchell - 1 Kate Mitchell Week 6: February 22 nd, 2007 Human Factors – Group Lead HAB & TV Vehicle Groups This Week: Updated Mass/Power/Volume for HAB & TV, HAB Layout

2. AAE450 Senior Spacecraft Design Kate Mitchell - 2 HAB & TV Totals for each TV Crew Cab Totals for each HAB Crew Cab Requirements –HAB: sized for crew of 6, fits 4 nominally, and must be able to support 8 in an emergency –TV: must be able to support crew of 4 for 3 years (in case of free return) Capabilities –HABs are stocked with consumables to support first 2 crews –All water and O 2 to support HAB crews is produced on Mars beginning in 6 th synodic period (3 rd crew) –TVs contain enough consumables to re-supply HABs with food and other misc. consumables Totals for Re-supply Launches to TV (x5) *Total masses for HAB and TV include consumables, crew accommodations, radiation shielding, and LSS.

3. AAE450 Senior Spacecraft Design Kate Mitchell - 3 HAB Layout Kate Mitchell - 3 3 mConsumables Storage/Plumbing/Piping 3 m Crew Living Quarters Side Nominal Configuration (4 crew) Contingency Configuration (6 crew) 4 m Crew Common Area 1.25 m Top Crew Private Area 2 m SPE Shelter Retractable Walls

4. AAE450 Senior Spacecraft Design Kate Mitchell - 4 Back-up Slides

5. AAE450 Senior Spacecraft Design Kate Mitchell - 5 TV Layout Kate Mitchell - 5 4 m Consumables Storage 1 (40%) (Food, Miscellaneous Consumables) Crew Common Area (60%) 2 m Top 3.5 m 4 m 2 m 1.0 m Side Consumables Storage 2 (Water, Life Support Systems, Plumbing/Piping) SectionVolume (m 3 ) Crew Common Area56.5 Crew Private Area44.0 (SPE Shelter)8.0 (Crew Rooms)36.0 Consumables Storage75.4 (Consumables Storage 1 (food and misc. consumables))52.8 (Consumables Storage 2 (water, life support systems, and plumbing/piping))22.6 Total Habitable Volume108.5 Total Volume175.9 Consumables Storage SPE Shelter Private Quarters Outer Walls

6. AAE450 Senior Spacecraft Design Kate Mitchell - 6 Habitable Volume Comparison *TV and HAB unobstructed habitable volume falls b/w performance and optimal values recommended in the NASA ALS Baselines Document. Comparison of Unobstructed Habitable Volume NASA Advanced Life Support Baselines Recommended Assumptions for Unobstructed Habitable Volume [1] *Breakdown of HAB and TV Habitable Volume attached

7. AAE450 Senior Spacecraft Design Kate Mitchell - 7 Totals Breakdown HAB TV

8. AAE450 Senior Spacecraft Design Kate Mitchell - 8 Water Consumption 1 st table* is a breakdown of all components of crew water consumption 2 nd table shows max water that will need to be stored in TV and HAB and as well as its volume Crew Consumption of Water per day [1] *Crew water consumption table first used in presentation on 1/25/07 HAB TV

9. AAE450 Senior Spacecraft Design Kate Mitchell - 9 Water Launched TV HAB *Water calculations done in MATLAB code HAB Code: attached to week 2 presentation (HAB_consume.m – 3 pages TV Code: attached to week 4 presentation (TV_consume.m) – 3 pages

10. AAE450 Senior Spacecraft Design Kate Mitchell - 10 Food Consumption Crew Consumption of Food per day 1 st table shows mass and volume of food consumed per crew member per day 2 nd table shows mass and volume of food to be launched in each TV as well as re-supply ships 3 rd table shows mass and volume of food to be launched in each HAB *Food calculations done in MATLAB code HAB Code: attached to week 2 presentation (HAB_consume.m) – 3 pages TV Code: attached to week 4 presentation (TV_consume.m) – 3 pages Food Launched in TV Food Launched in HAB

11. AAE450 Senior Spacecraft Design Kate Mitchell - 11 Atmospheric Supply Values Total gases per Launch as well as total IMLEO through entire architecture* *Atmospheric supply calculations done in MATLAB code HAB Code: attached to week 2 presentation (HAB_consume.m – 3 pages TV Code: attached to week 4 presentation (TV_consume.m) – 3 pages TV HAB

12. AAE450 Senior Spacecraft Design Kate Mitchell - 12 Atmospheric Supply System Schematic H 2 TankCH 4 H2OH2O H2H2 O2O2 CO 2 (from atmosphere in vehicle) HAB or TV CondenserMartian Atmosphere (HAB) or Vacuum Environment (TV)

13. AAE450 Senior Spacecraft Design Kate Mitchell - 13 Atmospheric Supply Calculations* Atmospheric pressure: 101 kPa Partial pressures: 80 kPa N 2 21 kPa O 2 Volume of 1 mole of gas (101 kPa and 298 K): 0.02445 m 3 /mole Mass of gas needed to fill the pressurized volume: Mass of gas needed assuming 0.14% mass per day leakage rate: Using Sabatier/electrolysis reaction: Oxygen consumption rate: 0.835 kg/p/d Total oxygen consumed by crew: *Slide first used in presentation on 1/25/07

14. AAE450 Senior Spacecraft Design Kate Mitchell - 14 Find Mass of O2 Tank (using O2 tankage value of 0.364 kg tank/kg O2 [1] ): Find Mass of N2 Tank (using N2 tankage value of 0.556 kg tank/kg N2 [1] ): Volume of tanks (Assuming density of gases to be 1440 kg/m3): Total oxygen reclaimed: Total carbon dioxide produced by crew: CO2 production rate: 1 kg/p/d Atmospheric Supply Calculations* *Slide first used in presentation on 1/25/07

15. AAE450 Senior Spacecraft Design Kate Mitchell - 15 H 2 Tank Calculations Mass of H 2 needed by Atmospheric Supply System: H 2 Tank Volume and Mass Calculations: *H 2 Tank Calculations for the HAB and TV are attached

16. AAE450 Senior Spacecraft Design Kate Mitchell - 16 Life Support Systems TV Water Recycling System TV CO 2 Removal/Atmospheric Supply System HAB Water Recycling System HAB CO 2 Removal/Atmospheric Supply System

17. AAE450 Senior Spacecraft Design Kate Mitchell - 17 TV Radiation Shielding Total Mass of Radiation Shielding (mt)15.20 SPE Shelter Shielding Entire Crew Compartment Shielding *TV Radiation shielding tables first used in presentation on 2/5/07

18. AAE450 Senior Spacecraft Design Kate Mitchell - 18 HAB Radiation Shielding SPE Shelter Shielding Entire Crew Compartment Shielding None (16 g/cm2 shielding provided by Martian Atmosphere is sufficient)

19. AAE450 Senior Spacecraft Design Kate Mitchell - 19 References [1] Hanford, Anthony J., ed. NASA Johnson Space Center. Advanced Life Support Baseline Values and Assumptions Document. Aug. 2004. http://ston.jsc.nasa.gov/collections/TRS/_techrep/CR-2004-208941.pdf [2] Landau, Dr. Damon F., “Strategies for the Substained Human Exploration of Mars.” Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Purdue University, Dec. 2006. [3] Niziolek, Paul, Project Legend - Final Report - Appendix. April 2005. p. 478- 480. [4] Reed, Ronald D., and Gary R. Coulter. "Physiology of Spaceflight." Human Spaceflight: Mission Analysis and Design. Ed. Wiley J. Larson and Linda K. Prank. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1999. 113-115. [5] Stilwell, Don, Ramzy Boutros, and Janis H. Connolly. "Crew Accomodations." Human Spaceflight: Mission Analysis and Design. Ed. Wiley J. Larson and Linda K. Prank. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1999. 575- 606. [6] Tribble, Alan C. "The Space Environment: Hazards and Effects." Human Spaceflight: Mission Analysis and Design. Ed. Wiley J. Larson and Linda K. Prank. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1999. 65-73.