1. POLISH MEDIA By Joanna Dybala

2. PRESS  The first newspaper of that title started to be published in 1920  There are about 5500 periodicals on the Polish print media market  Magazines currently account for about 12 per cent of the money spent on display advertising (the European average is around 20 per cent).  The Polish press agencies are: PAP - Polska Agencja Prasowa - (Polish Press Agency) which offers also a service in English; PAI - Polska Agencja Informacyjna (Polish Information Agency); KAI - Katolicka Agencja Informacyjna (Catholic Information Agency). PAI - Polska Agencja Informacyjna (Polish Information Agency); KAI - Katolicka Agencja Informacyjna (Catholic Information Agency).

3. All-national daily newspapers 1.Gazeta Wyborcza (centrist to liberal) 2.Fakt (tabloid) 3.Super Express (tabloid) 4.Rzeczpospolita (centrist to moderately conservative) 5.Dziennik Sportowy 6.Gazeta Prawna 7.Nowa Europa 8.Sport 9.Trybuna (post-communist) 10. Plus Biznesu

4. All-national daily newspapers

5. Weekly magazines Politics-related 1.Newsweek (Polish edition, centrist to right-wing)- 8,5 % 2.Wprost (right-wing) - 8,0 % 3.Angora (Polish and world press review) - 5,9 % 4.Polityka(centrist to left-wing) - 5,8 % 5.Nie(extremely left-wing) - 3,9 % 6.Przekroj(centrist) - 2,5 % 7.Gosc Niedzielny- 2,9 % 8. Tygodnik Powszechny- 0,8 %

6. Weekly magazines Other 1.Tele Tydzień - 25,0 % 2.Pani Domu - 20,8 % 3.Przyjaciółka - 19,0 % 4.Naj - 17,6 % 5.Chwila dla Ciebie - 17,3 % 6.Życie na Gorąco - 16,7 % 7.Tina - 12,4 % 8.Gala - 7,0 % 9.Tele-Świat - 6,1 %

8. Gazeta Wyborcza Gazeta Wyborcza began on May 8, 1989, with the masthead "Nie ma wolności bez Solidarności" ("There's no freedom without Solidarity"). It was established as an enterprise of the Solidarity movement. From the start, this newspaper was owned by Agora, a Polish limited liability company, which was set up by the anti- Communist movement. Today it is partly owned by the US- based media company Cox Communications. Gazeta Wyborcza has a circulation of about 600,000, representing about 17 per cent of the dailies readership market.

9. Wprost Wprost is a weekly newsmagazine in Poland, founded on December 5, 1982 as a regional magazine in Greater Poland, since 1989 it is distributed country-wide. Editorial office is currently located in Warsaw. "Wprost" is an opinion weekly focused on politics and society and has a conservative liberal profile. Marek Król is the editor- in-chief and publisher of the magazine. "Wprost" is the second most popular opinion weekly in Poland with a circulation of 165 000 copies and more than two million readers.

10. Polityka Polityka ("Politics") is a leading weekly newsmagazine in Poland. With a circulation of 340,000 (as of September 2004) it is the country's biggest selling weekly, ahead of Newsweek's Polish edition; with an estimated readership of approx. 2 million. Today, the magazine has a slightly intellectual, centrist to moderately social liberal profile.

11. Radio stations  Director Roman Rudniewski opened the era of radio broadcasting in Poland on February 1st 1925 with the words: "This is a trial run radio broadcast for the Polish Radio-Technical Association in Warsaw."  At the start of the 1990s many new, independent, radio stations appeared in Poland  About 220 public and private radio stations operate in Poland today.  Almost all Poles, 99% in fact!, listen to the radio. As many as 69% listen to the radio everyday, of which 43% said they listened at least three hours a day.

13. Radio RMF FM The first private radio station in Poland - RMF FM started broadcasting at the start of 1990 in Cracow. Initially the station broadcast retransmissions of programmes from France. Since October 1991 RMF (by then called RMF - Radio - Music - Facts) was a 24-hour a day station covering all of Poland. Since 1994 RMF has had a license to broadcast nation-wide. In the summer of 1995 the first Power Invasion took place -a concert tour with the largest Polish stars taking part. Today, RMF is one of the biggest and most modern radio stations in Europe. From land-based transmitters its network covers more than 95% of the country. RMF FM and several other companies are members of the media holding company FM, which is also a co-founder of one of the most popular internet portals, Interia.pl. At the moment you can also listen to RMF classic - presenting classical music.

14. Radio Zet The second nation-wide private radio station in Poland is Radio ZET."Zetka" was the first private radio station in Warsaw. It started operating at the end of September 1990. At present it covers more than 95% of Poland, Since November 1999 Radio ZET has co- operated with the American information network CNN. It is the only Polish broadcaster that has rights to use material prepared by CNN. Its programmes are addressed mainly to young people. It broadcasts types of music - reggae, hip-hop and drum'n'bass - often ignored by other broadcasters

15. Radio Maryja Radio Maryja is a conservative radio station, founded in Toruń in Poland, December 8, 1991, and directed by a Catholic Father Tadeusz Rydzyk. Radio Maryja supported the victorious Law and Justice party and Lech Kaczyński during the parliamentary and presidential elections in Poland (Sep/Oct 2005). The station has received criticsm for alleged antisemitism, conspiracy theories, and holocaust denial. The third broadcaster with a license to broadcast nation-wide is the Catholic station Radio Maryja. Most of its listeners are older people, averaging over 55 years old. It mainly broadcasts church masses and religious events programmes, plus programmes dealing with the life of the Church and problems affecting believers. From land-based transmitters one can also pick up Radia Maryja in Canada and the USA, and thanks to satellite transmission and the Internet it can be picked up practically anywhere in the world.

16. Television  Telewizja Polska (TVP) has been on air without interruption since 1956. The 1993 law governing radio and television set up the Committee for Public Radio and Television. Since 1994 TVP has been a commercial company. As public television it operates according to the guidelines outlined by the law on radio and television, which includes an obligation to supply information, access to culture and art, facilitate wider social access to education and science, widen civic education and support Polish audio-visual productions.  There are around 70 television stations in Poland.  Public television (TVP S.A.) operates two national channels with 11 regional offices broadcasting local programming. TV Polonia is a special satellite channel, which broadcasts abroad. Special ethnic minority television programmes are also produced in the minority languages by regional stations.  There is access to various satellites from Poland including Astra, Intelsat, Copernicus, Eutelsat and Telcom. Their programmes are available through the cable operators (some in the Polish language version). The most popular satellite channels are MTV, Eurosport, RTL and the Cartoon Network.

17. Television  Regional television's role is to deal with matters related to the life of local society, with the history and culture of each region, national, ethnic and religious minorities' problems in each region and promotion of local government structures. Regional television reaches 63% of Poles.  Poland is the third largest cable market in Europe. Its estimated value is about $400 million. The unquestioned leader is UPC Telewizja Kablowa (UPC TK.UPC TK's network today covers more than 1 800 000 homes, giving it about 25% of the overall Polish market.  Also active on the Polish market is digital television. Pay television plays a large role in its development. Pay television dates back to 1995 in Poland, when the first pay and coded channel, CANAL+, started up. In November 1998 CANAL+'s Polish digital platform CYFRA+ officially started activity. The first such platform was Wizja TV, also operating since 1998. But high costs and low audience figures meant the Polish market was unable to sustain two competing platforms, which was one of the reasons digital platform CYFRA+, belonging to CANAL+, and the Wizja TV platform, owned by UPC, joined forces. After the merger the platform operates under the name NOWA CYFRA+ and has more than 600,00 subscribers. Apart from this, Polsat digital also operates in Poland.

18. Television channals TVP group - public : oTVP 1- general oTVP 2- more cultural oTVP 3 - regional channels oTVP Polonia - worldwide for Polish people abroad TVN group – private: oTV - general oTVN 7 - films and entertainment oTVN 24 - news channel oTVN Meteo - weather forecast channel oTVN Style - for the woman oTVN Turbo - motorisation Polsat group – private: oPolsa - general oPolsat 2 International- for Polish people abroad, repeats oPolsat Sport - sports channel oTV 4 - general

20. TV Polonia Written into the law on radio and television is the task of creating and making accessible educational programmes for use by the Polonia Diaspora and Poles living abroad. TVP S.A. realises this task through the TV POLONIA Satellite Programme. The channel has been in operation since March 31st 1991 and runs 24 hours a day. It promotes Polish culture and learning, brings the Polish economy and history closer, encourages investment in Poland, provides news for the concentrations of Polonia around the world, and presents changes taking place in all areas of life in Poland. TV Polonia presents renowned representatives of Polonia and their contribution to world achievements, creating a picture of Poles and of Poland. TV Polonia programmes provide information on the most interesting cultural, social, political and economic events in Poland. They are a current source of information about Poland not only for Poles and Polonia in the world, but for viewers interested in Poland, even those not knowing any Polish - all programmes have subtitles in English. Especially successful are Polish films and soap operas as well as Made for Television Theatre.

24. Internet The Internet is becoming a very important player on the Polish media market. Most of the Poles access the Net from their offices, class and university labs and numerous Internet cafés. The home users usually connect to the Web via dial-up modems, although T.P. - Polish Telecommunication company charges are rather high. The cable TV providers offer cheaper alternatives for surfing the Net.