1. NURS 505B Library Session Rachael Clemens Spring 2007

2. Agenda Welcome back Follow-up from last semester EBM + Cochrane Library Mechanics of full-text RefWorks

3. Follow-up Last semester you crafted a concept analysis paper. How did that go? What did you learn? What didn’t you learn?

4. Evidence Based Practice

5. Evidence-based medicine (EBM) The conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients

6.  Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis  Randomized Controlled Double-Blind Studies  Cohort Studies  Case Control Studies  Case Series  Case Reports  Ideas, Editorials, Opinions  Animal Research  In vitro (test tube) Research Pyramid of Evidence

7. Systematic Review One of the greatest achievements of evidence-based medicine has been the development of systematic reviews and meta-analyses, which summarize the best available evidence on a topic.

8. Systematic Review 1. A systematic review identifies an intervention for a specific disease or other problem in health care, and determines whether or not this intervention works.

9. Systematic Review 2. To do this authors locate, appraise and synthesize evidence from as many relevant scientific studies as possible.

10. Systematic Review 3. They summarize conclusions about effectiveness, and provide a unique collation of the known evidence on a given topic, so that others can easily review the primary studies for any intervention.

11. Systematic Review Adheres to a strict design in order to make them more comprehensive, thus minimizing the chance of bias, and ensuring their reliability. Contain all known references to trials on a particular intervention and a comprehensive summary of the available evidence.

12. Systematic Review Format 1.Objectives 2.Criteria for including studies 3.Search methods for identifying studies 4.Methods of review 5.Description of the studies 6.Results 7.Discussion 8.Potential conflict of interest 9.References 10.Add feedback

13. Where do you find these Systematic Reviews?

14. Systematic Reviews Medical and nursing journals PubMed / Medline CINAHL Cochrane Library

15. Collection of several databases indexing evidence for healthcare decision-making Main product is the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Began back in 1993 International collaborative effort

16. British medical researcher who contributed greatly to the development of epidemiology as a science He stressed the importance of using evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCT's) because these were likely to provide much more reliable information than other sources of evidence Archibald Cochrane 1909 - 1988