1. HMI Science Analysis

2. Primary Goal: Origins of Solar Variability The primary goal of the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) investigation is to study the origin of solar variability and to characterize and understand the Sun’s interior and the various components of magnetic activity. HMI produces data to determine the interior sources and mechanisms of solar variability and how the physical processes inside the Sun are related to surface and coronal magnetic fields and activity.

3. Key HMI science problems Dynamo and activity cycle Emergence and evolution of AR Energetics and triggering of flares and CMEs

4. 1.Convection-zone dynamics and solar dynamo – Structure and dynamics of the tachocline –Variations in differential rotation. –Evolution of meridional circulation. –Dynamics in the near-surface shear layer. 2.Origin and evolution of sunspots, active regions and complexes of activity – Formation and deep structure of magnetic complexes. – Active region source and evolution. –Magnetic flux concentration in sunspots. –Sources and mechanisms of solar irradiance variations. 3.Sources and drivers of solar activity and disturbances – Origin and dynamics of magnetic sheared structures and delta-type sunspots. –Magnetic configuration and mechanisms of solar flares and CME. –Emergence of magnetic flux and solar transient events. –Evolution of small-scale structures and magnetic carpet. 4.Links between the internal processes and dynamics of the corona and heliosphere – Complexity and energetics of solar corona. –Large-scale coronal field estimates. –Coronal magnetic structure and solar wind 5.Precursors of solar disturbances for space-weather forecasts –Far-side imaging and activity index. –Predicting emergence of active regions by helioseismic imaging. –Determination of magnetic cloud Bs events. Primary Science Objectives

5. HMI Major Science Objectives Solar Dynamo Global Circulation Irradiance Sources Far-side Imaging Solar Subsurface Weather Coronal Magnetic Field Magnetic Connectivity Sunspot Dynamics Magnetic Stresses Interior Structure NOAA 9393 Far- side

6. HMI Science Analysis Plan Magnetic Shear Tachocline Differential Rotation Meridional Circulation Near-Surface Shear Layer Activity Complexes Active Regions Sunspots Irradiance Variations Flare Magnetic Configuration Flux Emergence Magnetic Carpet Coronal energetics Large-scale Coronal Fields Solar Wind Far-side Activity Evolution Predicting A-R Emergence IMF Bs Events Brightness Images Global Helioseismology Processing Local Helioseismology Processing Filtergrams Line-of-sight Magnetograms Vector Magnetograms Doppler Velocity Continuum Brightness Line-of-Sight Magnetic Field Maps Coronal magnetic Field Extrapolations Coronal and Solar wind models Far-side activity index Deep-focus v and c s maps (0-200Mm) High-resolution v and c s maps (0-30Mm) Carrington synoptic v and c s maps (0-30Mm) Full-disk velocity, v(r,Θ,Φ), And sound speed, c s (r,Θ,Φ), Maps (0-30Mm) Internal sound speed, c s (r,Θ) (0<r<R) Internal rotation Ω(r,Θ) (0<r<R) Vector Magnetic Field Maps Science Objective Data Product Processing Observables HMI Data

7. Key Features of HMI Science Plan Data analysis pipeline: standard helioseismology and magnetic field analyses Development of new approaches to data analysis Targeted theoretical and numerical modeling Focused data analysis and science working groups Joint investigations with AIA and EVE Cooperation with other space- and ground- based projects (SOHO, Hinode, PICARD, STEREO, RHESSI, GONG+, SOLIS, HELAS …)

8. JSOC - HMI Pipeline HMI Data Analysis Pipeline Doppler Velocity Heliographic Doppler velocity maps Tracked Tiles Of Dopplergrams Stokes I,V Filtergrams Continuum Brightness Tracked full-disk 1-hour averaged Continuum maps Brightness feature maps Solar limb parameters Stokes I,Q,U,V Full-disk 10-min Averaged maps Tracked Tiles Line-of-sight Magnetograms Vector Magnetograms Fast algorithm Vector Magnetograms Inversion algorithm Egression and Ingression maps Time-distance Cross-covariance function Ring diagrams Wave phase shift maps Wave travel times Local wave frequency shifts Spherical Harmonic Time series To l=1000 Mode frequencies And splitting Brightness Images Line-of-Sight Magnetic Field Maps Coronal magnetic Field Extrapolations Coronal and Solar wind models Far-side activity index Deep-focus v and c s maps (0-200Mm) High-resolution v and c s maps (0-30Mm) Carrington synoptic v and c s maps (0-30Mm) Full-disk velocity, v(r,Θ,Φ), And sound speed, c s (r,Θ,Φ), Maps (0-30Mm) Internal sound speed, c s (r,Θ) (0<r<R) Internal rotation Ω(r,Θ) (0<r<R) Vector Magnetic Field Maps HMI Data Data ProductProcessing Level-0 Level-1

9. Helioseismology Code: Doppler velocity, Lev1 J.Schou S.Tomczyk Status: needs improvements Code: artificial data N. Mansour A. Wray R. Stein Status: in development Doppler Velocity Tracked Tiles Of Dopplergrams Filtergrams Egression and Ingression maps Time-distance Cross-covariance function Ring diagrams Wave phase shift maps Wave travel times Local wave frequency shifts Far-side activity index Deep-focus v and c s maps (0-200Mm) High-resolution v and c s maps (0-30Mm) Carrington synoptic v and c s maps (0-30Mm) Full-disk velocity, v(r,Θ,Φ), And sound speed, c s (r,Θ,Φ), Maps (0-30Mm) Internal rotation Ω(r,Θ) (0<r<R) Heliographic Doppler velocity maps Spherical Harmonic Time series To l=1000 Mode frequencies And splitting Internal sound speed, c s (r,Θ) (0<r<R)

10. Global helioseismology Code: project J. Schou Status: ready to port Code: qdotprod J.Schou Status: ready to port Code: peak bagging J.Schou Status: needs improvements Code: sound- speed inversions A.Kosovichev Status: ready to port Code: rotation inversion J.Schou R. Howe Status: ready to port Doppler Velocity Filtergrams Internal rotation Ω(r,Θ) (0<r<R) Heliographic Doppler velocity maps Spherical Harmonic Time series To l=1000 Mode frequencies And splitting Internal sound speed, c s (r,Θ) (0<r<R)

11. Doppler Velocity Tracked Tiles Of Dopplergrams Filtergrams Ring diagrams Local wave frequency shifts Carrington synoptic v and c s maps (0-30Mm) Full-disk velocity, v(r,Θ,Φ), And sound speed, c s (r,Θ,Φ), Maps (0-30Mm) Ring Diagrams Code: fastrack R.Bogart, J.Toomre D. Haber B. Hindman Status: needs improvements Additional funding: 0.5 FTE Code: power spectrum R.Bogart Status: ready to port Code: sensitivity kernels A.Birch Status: in development Code: inversions J.Toomre, D.Haber, B.Hindman Status: needs improvements Additional funding: 0.75 FTE Code: ring fitting S.Basu, F.Hill, J.Toomre, D.Haber, B.Hindman Status: needs improvements Additional funding: 0.75 FTE Total Needed : 2 FTE

12. Doppler Velocity Tracked Tiles Of Dopplergrams Filtergrams Time-distance Cross-covariance function Wave travel times Deep-focus v and c s maps (0-200Mm) High-resolution v and c s maps (0-30Mm) Carrington synoptic v and c s maps (0-30Mm) Full-disk velocity, v(r,Θ,Φ), And sound speed, c s (r,Θ,Φ), Maps (0-30Mm) Time-Distance Helioseismology Code: fastrack R.Bogart, T.Duvall J.Zhao Status: needs improvements (remapping issues) Code: cross- covariance T.Duvall J.Zhao Status: needs improvements Code: travel time fitting T.Duvall J.Zhao S.Couvidat Status: needs improvements Code: sensitivity kernels A.Kosovichev J.Zhao A.Birch Status: needs improvements Code: inversions A.Kosovichev J.Zhao, A.Birch S.Couvidat J.Toomre B.Hindman Status: needs improvements Additional funding: 0.5 FTE Total Need: 1.5 FTE Code: deep- focus maps T.Duvall A.Kosovichev J.Zhao Status: needs substantial development Additional funding: 1FTE

13. Doppler Velocity Tracked Tiles Of Dopplergrams Filtergrams Egression and Ingression maps Wave phase shift maps Far-side activity index High-resolution v and c s maps (0-30Mm) Acoustic Holography Code: fastrack R.Bogart D.Braun C.Lindsay Status: needs improvements (field-effect corrections) Code: egression- ingression D.Braun C.Lindsay Status: needs improvements Code: phase shifts D.Braun C.Lindsay Status: needs improvements (shower glass corrections) Code: sensitivity kernels A. Birch Status: in development Code: holographic inversions A.Birch Status: in development Code: Far-side imaging P.Scherrer C.Lindsay D.Braun Status: needs improvements Inversions

14. Magnetic Fields Stokes I,V Filtergrams Stokes I,Q,U,V Full-disk 10-min Averaged maps Tracked Tiles Line-of-sight Magnetograms Vector Magnetograms Fast algorithm Vector Magnetograms Inversion algorithm Line-of-Sight Magnetic Field Maps Coronal magnetic Field Extrapolations Coronal and Solar wind models Vector Magnetic Field Maps Code: Stokes I,V, Lev0.5 V & LOS field J. Schou S. Tomzcyk Status: in development Code: Stokes I,Q,U,V J. Schou S. Tomzcyk Status: in development

15. Line-of Sight Magnetic Field Stokes I,V Filtergrams Line-of-sight Magnetograms Line-of-Sight Magnetic Field Maps Synoptic Magnetic Field Maps Magnetic Footpoint Velocity Maps Code: LOS magnetograms J. Schou S. Tomzcyk Status: in development Code: LOS magnetic maps (project?) T. Hoeksema R. Bogart Status: in development Code: Synoptic Magnetic Field Maps T. Hoeksema X. Zhao E. Benevolenskaya Status: in development Code: Velocity Maps of Magnetic Footpoints Y. Liu G. Fisher Status: in development Additional funding: TBD

16. Vector Magnetic Field Filtergrams Stokes I,Q,U,V Full-disk 10-min Averaged maps Tracked Tiles Vector Magnetograms Fast algorithm Vector Magnetograms Inversion algorithm Coronal magnetic Field Extrapolations Coronal and Solar wind models Vector Magnetic Field Maps Code: fastrack R. Bogart Status: needs modifications for fields Code: Vector Field Fast and Inversion Algorithms J. Schou S. Tomzcyk Status: in development Code: Vector Field Maps T. Hoeksema Y.Liu Status: in development Code: Coronal Field Extrapolations T.Hoeksema Y.Liu, X.Zhao C. Schrijver P.Goode K.D.Leka Status: in development Additional funding: 2 FTE Code: Coronal Magnetic Field Topological Properties J.Linker V. Titov Status: needs implementation Code: Solar Wind Models X.Zhao K.Hayshi J.Linker P.Goode V.Yurchishin Status: in development 0.5 FTE Total Need: 2.5 FTE

17. Intensity Filtergrams Continuum Brightness Brightness Images Code: Continuum Maps Schou Status: in development Code: Solar Limb Parameters, Lev0.5 used to make other Lev1 products, Lev2 for science goals R. Bush J. Kuhn Status: in development Code: Brightness Feature Maps (European contribution) Status: in development Code: Averaged Continuum Maps Bush Status: in development Solar limb parameters per image for Lev0.5 Brightness Synoptic Maps Tracked full-disk 1-hour averaged Continuum maps Code: Brightness Synoptic Maps Scherrer Status: in development Solar limb parameters Brightness feature maps

19. Incomplete Magnetic Topic Group Affiliations (Please Sign Up!!) Tachocline - AKosovichev Meridional Circulation - AKosovichev Differential Rotation - AKosovichev Near-surface Shear Layer - JBeck Activity Complexes – Benevolenskaya, Bai, Hoeksema, Hayashi, Hurlburt, Gaizauskus, JHarvey Active Regions – THoeksema, EBenevolenskaya, TBai, KHayashi, NHurlburt Sunspots – TBai, THoeksema, EBenevolenskaya, NHurlburt Irradiance Variations – RBush, TBerger, PBoerner Magnetic Shear – YLiu, JBeck, KHayashi, AKosovichev, VYurchyshyn Flare/CME Magnetic Config – Hayashi, LM, YLiu, XPZhao, Bai, Kosovichev, UC-B, HWang Flux Emergence – YLiu, JBeck, Benevolenskaya, Hayashi, LM, BLites, Leka, HWang Mag. Carpet & Heating [AIA#1] – KHayashi, KSchrijver, JBeck, EBenevolenskaya Coronal Energetics [AIA] – KSchrijver, YLiu, Benevolenskaya, XPZhao, Hayashi, Leka, MCheung, UC-B, HWang Large-scale B – Ph. + Cor. - KHayashi, THoeksema, EBenevolenskaya, XPZhao Solar Wind – Evol+Struct. - Hayashi, Hoeksema, XPZhao, MWSO, CISM, Fuselier, Mikic Far-side Activity – PScherrer, CLindsey, DBraun, SAIC Predicting AR Emergence - TBai IMF Bs Events – XPZhao, YLiu, KHayashi, VYurchyshyn, Hu, SFuselier, ZMikic Magnetic Topology – YLiu, MSU-DLongcope, Barnes, SAIC-Titov Polar & Multi-scale Field – EBenevolenskaya, THoeksema

20. Summary Needs Helioseismology Global helioseismology Ring Diagrams 2.0 FTE Time-Distance Helioseismology 1.5 FTE Magnetic Fields Vector Magnetic Field2.5 FTE

21. Summary HMI will provide key data to study the Sun’s dynamics and magnetism: subsurface flow maps and photospheric vector magnetic fields. The HMI data analysis plan includes a standard pipeline processing and interactive data analysis tools. The analysis pipeline is being developed by the Co-I team, using existing techniques and software. However, to fully utilize the science potential of HMI additional funding is necessary for Co-I’s teams (in particular, for helioseismic imaging of the deep interior/tachocline, and coronal/heliospheric magnetic field analysis and models).