1. Experiments towards the Efficient Trapping of Francium by Seth Aubin Parity Violation in Francium Group Students: Eduardo Gomez Joshua M. Grossman Professors: Luis A. Orozco Gene D. Sprouse

2. A Brief History of Francium at Stony Brook 1991-94: Construction of 1 st production and trapping apparatus. 1995: Produced and Trapped Francium in a MOT. 1996-2000: Laser spectroscopy of Francium (8S 1/2, 7P 1/2,7D 5/2,7D 3/2, hyperfine anomaly). 2000-2002: construction of new production and trapping apparatus. 10,000 atom Fr MOT

3. New Apparatus for Producing and Trapping Francium Objective: Trap 10 6 Fr atoms  Parity Non-Conservation experiments  Nuclear Anapole measurements Strategy: Increase Production Optimize Optical Trapping efficiency Improve Neutralizer efficiency

4. Schematic of New Apparatus

5. Improved Production 16 O, 18 O, 19 F ~100 MeV Fr + ions Au, Pt target  Improved Fr + ion extraction  New target design Heated tungsten rod

7. Optical Trapping Efficiency 1. Capture Velocity of MOT Idea: Accelerate MOT atoms with laser. Measure at what velocity atoms cannot be recaptured by MOT. b. Velocity Calibration: a. Description atom cloud on resonance laser push

8. c. Capture Velocity (lower bound): ~18 m/s

9. MOT 1 mm

10. Displaced MOT (External B-field) Laser push 1 mm

12. 2. Number of Bounces (N bounces )  Atoms rethermalize with cell walls on each bounce.  N MOT  N bounces.  N bounces is determined by exit holes, quality of dry-film coating. Dry-Film (SC-77) test: 780 nm laser probe Rb atomic beam shutter fast detector

13. Monte-Carlo simulations  decay time of 5.2 ms (~100 bounces)

14. Comparison of Neutralizer Materials (at 5 KeV) ~ 300 Celsius

15. Conclusion  New apparatus for trapping 10 6 Fr atoms.  Increased Fr production by a factor of 15.  Studied neutralization process.  Probes of capture velocity and coating quality.  Capture velocity of at least 18 m/s. Just converted apparatus to Francium.