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Chapter 7 – The Evolution of Feeding Behavior

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1 Chapter 7 – The Evolution of Feeding Behavior
Biology 484 – Ethology Chapter 7 – The Evolution of Feeding Behavior

2 Chapter 7 Opener: A bullfrog has many dietary choices to make
C:\Figures\Chapter07\high-res\Alcock8e-ChOpener-07.jpg

3 The Common Whelk (or Snail)

4 The maximum cost/benefit ration is seen at the arrow.
7.1 Optimal foraging decisions by northwestern crows when feeding on whelks The maximum cost/benefit ration is seen at the arrow. C:\Figures\Chapter07\high-res\Alcock8e-Fig jpg

5 7.2 Available prey versus prey selected
Why would they not select the LARGEST mussels? C:\Figures\Chapter07\high-res\Alcock8e-Fig jpg

6 7.3 Two optimal foraging models yield different predictions
C:\Figures\Chapter07\high-res\Alcock8e-Fig jpg

7 7.5 A foraging bout by the red knot
Time line showing how the bird will select to move to another foraging spot. C:\Figures\Chapter07\high-res\Alcock8e-Fig jpg

8 7.6 Young garden skinks lower their foraging success in order to reduce the risk of predation
Feeding behavior can be influenced by other risks, such as that of predation pressures. In this case, it is snake scent. C:\Figures\Chapter07\high-res\Alcock8e-Fig jpg

9 This is an image of the phorid fly on the left
This is an image of the phorid fly on the left. On the right is the end result of an attack on a fire ant, the main food item of this fly.

10 7.7 Foraging efficiency is compromised when the risk of predation is high
The forager ant is preyed upon by the phorid fly. But the phorid fly will only consume insects with a head size of 1.8 mm or greater. Hence, during predation times, the forager ant only sends out smaller (less efficient foragers). C:\Figures\Chapter07\high-res\Alcock8e-Fig jpg

11 Look for the efficiency of trotting versus galloping.
7.8 Records of energy consumption in relation to trotting (red line) versus galloping (green line) Look for the efficiency of trotting versus galloping. C:\Figures\Chapter07\high-res\Alcock8e-Fig jpg

12 7.9 How can two hereditary phenotypes coexist in the same population?
C:\Figures\Chapter07\high-res\Alcock8e-Fig jpg

13 7.10 Two hereditary forms of an African cichlid fish
Because their phenotype differs, the two forms do not compete for resources. C:\Figures\Chapter07\high-res\Alcock8e-Fig jpg

14 7.11 The results of frequency-dependent selection in Perissodus microlepis
C:\Figures\Chapter07\high-res\Alcock8e-Fig jpg

15 7.12 Do osprey nesting colonies serve as information centers? (Part 1)
C:\Figures\Chapter07\high-res\Alcock8e-Fig jpg

16 7.12 Do osprey nesting colonies serve as information centers? (Part 2)
C:\Figures\Chapter07\high-res\Alcock8e-Fig jpg

17 7.14 Web ornament of an orb-weaving spider
Web ornamentation is seen in the more reflective regions (the zig-zag patterns) seen in this web. C:\Figures\Chapter07\high-res\Alcock8e-Fig jpg

18 7.15 Do web ornaments lure prey?
C:\Figures\Chapter07\high-res\Alcock8e-Fig jpg

19 7.17 A cost of conspicuous web decorations?
C:\Figures\Chapter07\high-res\Alcock8e-Fig jpg

20 7.19 The antimicrobial properties of the major spices
C:\Figures\Chapter07\high-res\Alcock8e-Fig jpg

21 7.20 Clay eating has evolved in several species of parrots
C:\Figures\Chapter07\high-res\Alcock8e-Fig jpg Clay eating is useful for dissipating toxins the birds consume.

22 7.21 Round dance of honey bees
C:\Figures\Chapter07\high-res\Alcock8e-Fig jpg

23 7.22 Waggle dance of honey bees (Part 1)
C:\Figures\Chapter07\high-res\Alcock8e-Fig jpg

24 7.22 Waggle dance of honey bees (Part 2)
C:\Figures\Chapter07\high-res\Alcock8e-Fig jpg

25 7.23 Testing directional and distance communication by honey bees (Part 1)
Test by von Frisch examining ability to learn direction from the dance in bees. C:\Figures\Chapter07\high-res\Alcock8e-Fig jpg

26 7.23 Testing directional and distance communication by honey bees (Part 2)
Test by von Frisch to test the communication of distance by the dance language in bees. C:\Figures\Chapter07\high-res\Alcock8e-Fig jpg

27 7.24 Honey bee recruits really do “read” the symbolic information in dances
C:\Figures\Chapter07\high-res\Alcock8e-Fig jpg The blue bees were trained to think the food source was 70 meters away.

28 7.25 Rapid buildup of recruited foragers at flower patches after discovery by scout bees (Part 1)
C:\Figures\Chapter07\high-res\Alcock8e-Fig jpg

29 7.25 Rapid buildup of recruited foragers at flower patches after discovery by scout bees (Part 2)
C:\Figures\Chapter07\high-res\Alcock8e-Fig jpg

30 7.26 The adaptive value of the dance communication system (Part 3)
Note especially how the bees in the winter benefit especially in enviornments with oriented (unipolarized) light. C:\Figures\Chapter07\high-res\Alcock8e-Fig jpg


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