1. Chapter 9 Establishing an Environment for Learning

2. Task Systems in a Positive Learning Environment Task Systems Regular patterns of practices needed to accomplish particular functions Managerial Task Systems Non–subject matter functions that are necessary for smooth and efficient operation Instructional Task Systems Subject-matter functions designed to see that children learn the intended content

3. Chapter 9 Key Points Establishing a learning environment involves managerial and instructional techniques (Task Systems) Used properly, task systems help students develop increased responsibility for their own behaviors, attitudes and learning Teacher attitudes plays vital role in establishing the learning environment (both positively and negatively) An environment that is established, consistent and positive reduces discipline problems and stimulates enthusiasm for learning

4. Chapter 9 Key Points The Managerial Task System: Establishes teacher’s limits for behavior of students and involves students in being responsible and accountable for their own behavior and learning Should be considered in preparing for the beginning of the school year.

5. Establishing Managerial Task Systems Suggestions for Getting Ready for the Beginning of the School Year 1. Readying the gym 2. Planning rules and procedures 3. Determining consequences 4. Beginning school activities 5. Developing strategies for potential problems 6. Monitoring 7. Ensuring accountability

6. Establishing Managerial Task Systems Establishing Protocols Entering and leaving the playground or gym Starting and stopping at a signal from the teacher Gathering up equipment when the stop signal is given— getting out and putting away equipment Selecting partners, teams, and groups

7. Chapter 9 Key Points The Managerial Task System (cont): Teaching skills that help create and maintain managerial task system include: 1) Teaching protocols 2) Setting performance standards 3) Maintaining consistency

8. Chapter 9 Key Points The Instructional Task System: Provides maximum opportunities to learn when Students understand and value the learning goals Tasks have definite focus Content is personal, concrete and familiar Effective teachers use variety of practices to keep students on task, focused and motivated

9. Effective Instructional Task Systems 1. Varying the type of task 2. Using learning cues 3. Providing specific congruent feedback

10. Chapter 9 Key Points Teachers and Safety: Major responsibility of all physical education teachers is to ensure safety of each child Teachers are held accountable for acting “in a reasonable and responsible manner” Elements of negligence include duty, breach of duty, proximity cause, and injury

11. Points to Remember When Teaching Protocols Firm but warm Critical demandingness Rules—clear, positive, posted Developing ownership Practice