1. Ranjeet S Sokhi, Nutthida Kitwiroon and Lia Fragkou Atmospheric Science Research Group (ASRG) University of Hertfordshire Modelling of Urban Air Quality Use of MM5/CMAQ and New Initiatives Atmospheric Science Research Group (ASRG)

2. Roberto San Jose –UPM, Spain UK Met Office – Doug Middleton and Pete Clark COST 715 SATURN (EUROTRAC 2 Subproject) FUMAPEX (EU FP5) Collaboration Atmospheric Science Research Group (ASRG)

3. Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) Atmospheric Science Research Group (ASRG)

4. Box models – PEARL, BOXURB Gaussian plume models – GAMMA, ADMS, CALINE4, ISC, AERMOD ….. Numerical Eulerian grid models – MM5/CMAQ (USEPA Models 3) Lagrangian models – eg NAME (Met Office) Types of air quality models Atmospheric Science Research Group (ASRG)

5. Meteorological pre-processor, GAMMA-MET Solar radiation Albedo, Bowen ratio Anthropogenic heat Heat into Ground Wind speed Surface roughness Friction Velocity (u * ) Sensible Heat (H) TemperatureCloud cover Monin-Obukhov length (L) Energy budget Atmospheric Science Research Group (ASRG)

6. Examples of Met & AQ Models Atmospheric Science Research Group (ASRG) CountryMet ModelAQ ModelType UKUMNAME, ADMS, …. Lagrangian Gaussian DenmarkHIRLAMDERMALagrangian GermanyLM, COSMO MUKLIMO TM Eulerian Lagrangian SpainRAMSHYPACTHybrid FinlandHIRLAMVarious modelsGaussian Eulerian ItalyRAMSFARMEulerian NorwayMM5EPISIODE/ AirQUIS Eulerian, Gaussian Many more: AERMOD, UAM, MEMO, LPD, …..

7. Atmospheric Science Research Group (ASRG) Eulerian Second- and higher- order chemical kinetic equations Many vertical layers Numerical diffusion Large computing requirements large grid spacing- inaccurate representation of point sources Pollutant distribution on multi-spatial/temporal scales….. Lagrangian Limited to a few reacting chemical species Single- or two-layer models No numerical differentiation required for mean conc n s Particle approach not tied to windfield grid Better representation of point sources Source attribution…. Comparison of Approaches

8. Numerical meteorological model Developed by the Pennsylvania State University Developed by the Pennsylvania State University and the University Corporation for Atmospheric and the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) Research (UCAR) Mesoscale and regional scale Mesoscale and regional scale Non-hydrostatic (version 3) Non-hydrostatic (version 3) Terrain-following model Terrain-following model Outputs: Outputs: 3D forecast fields: U, V, T, etc. 2D forecast fields: PBL HGT, SHFLUX, LHFLUX, u *, etc. 2D constant fields: LAND USE, TERRAIN, etc. Range of visualisation tools MM5 Atmospheric Science Research Group (ASRG)

9. Mesoscale Model – MM5 Atmospheric Science Research Group (ASRG)

10. MM5/CMAQ Atmospheric Science Research Group (ASRG) MM5 Meteorological Modelling System MEPPS Emission Modelling System MCIP Meteorology-Chemistry Interface Processor ECIP Emission-Chemistry Interface Processor LUPROC Land use Processor ICON & BCON Initial Boundary Conditions Processor JPROC Photolysis Processor Process Analysis Aggregation CMAQ Chemical Transport Model (CTM)  Governing Equations  Plume-in Grid Treatment  Gas Phase Chemistry  Transport Algorithms  Aerosol Chemistry & Dynamism  Cloud Chemistry & Dynamism Integration of Science Code in Models-3 Fundamentals of Dynamics for CMAQ Program Control Processing

11. Planetary Boundary Layer Height (m) 11-02-2003 Atmospheric Science Research Group (ASRG)

12. MM5 Output-Sensible Heat Fluxes 11-02-2003 06.00 Atmospheric Science Research Group (ASRG)

13. MM5 Output-Sensible Heat Fluxes 11-02-2003 12.00 Atmospheric Science Research Group (ASRG)

14. MM5 Output-Wind Fields (m/s) 11-02-2003 12.0027 Atmospheric Science Research Group (ASRG)

15. Temperature Profile over London, 13/02/2003 6am 3pm Atmospheric Science Research Group (ASRG)

16. CMAQ – London NO 2 1x1 km Atmospheric Science Research Group (ASRG)

17. CMAQ – London NO 2 1x1 km Atmospheric Science Research Group (ASRG)

18. CMAQ – London O 3 1x1 km Atmospheric Science Research Group (ASRG)

19. CMAQ Vs. Measured Data (Hourly O 3 Concentration at Bloomsbury) 13-17 JULY 2002

20. Weekday Diurnal Variation in Traffic (Source TfL Sept 2002) Atmospheric Science Research Group (ASRG)

21. Diurnal Traffic Variation at Cromwell Road Data compiled by Adrian Buckland for Aeolius Atmospheric Science Research Group (ASRG)

22. FUMAPEX Scheme (EU FP5) Atmospheric Science Research Group (ASRG) Resolution: Models, e.g.:  15 km ECMWF/HIRLAM,GME ~1-5 kmLM, HIRLAM, > 0.5 kmMM5, RAMS, LM ~ 1-10 mCFD, box models

23. To evaluate the treatment of UBL processes in mesoscale models (UM New Dynamics, MM5) To study situations important for urban air pollution – episodes (e.g. London as a case study) To compare model profiles with observations where available e.g. lidar Using Met Office profiles from civil aircraft sensors AMDARS: temp, wind speed, direction Investigate secondary pollutant episodes (eg 1996, 2000) using joint Lagrangian/Eulerian evaluations…transport, emissions dynamics and chemistry schemes Proposed Future Work Atmospheric Science Research Group (ASRG)