1. Review of factors in exercise equipment selection n Consider total budget available n Consider client characteristics -Age, gender, experience -Give them what they are interested in, but educate them and also give them what they need n Reflect on what specific exercise modes and types of resistive equipment are appropriate for fitness programs of clients n Select product models within each product type that are best buys

2. Assignment for Thursday, 10/23 n Read chapter12 of Kreighbaum’s equipment book n Go to one of the bicycle manufacturer’s websites (slide 23) and select a bicycle to suit your purposes n Submit two questions for discussion related to bicycles

3. Bicycles and Bicycling - Introduction n Cycling as a sport and as an exercise -Reference: Faria and Cavanagh. The physiology and biomechanics of cycling -Muscles and movements -Physiological demands n Design objectives: -Distribute rider’s weight appropriately -Ensure transfer of power from rider to machine -Points of contact must fit the rider: handlebars seat pedals

4. Anatomy of Diamond Frame n Important parts: Front triangle (tubes), rear triangle (stays), fork, lugs, bottom bracket, head tube n Types of bicycles: (1) Road bike (10-speed) - touring, racing, and sport; (2) mountain, or all-terrain; and (3) hybrid

5. Other Frame Types; :Ladie’s Frame Top tube is sloped considerably

6. Design Features - Height n Height of bottom bracket (bike’s center of gravity) -Lower for more stability -Higher for more pedal clearance n Height measurements determine size of rider n Frame size - length of seat tube and top tube

7. Design Features - Bike Length n Wheelbase length - (Fig 12.6) -Shorter for quicker response, longer for more stability (varies from 38 to 44 in) n Chainstay length -Shorter chainstays are used on racing bikes for more direct transfer of power

8. Design Features: Frame Angles n Head tube - steeper for rougher ride, more efficient power transfer; shallower for handling ease and shock absorbing, but less responsive n Rake (amount of bend in fork blades) and trail affect steering stability. More trail equals more stability

9. Design Features on Different Types of Bicycles n Road bicycles (10-speeds) -Touring, or comfort - long wheelbase, shallow angles, fair amount of trail (21 speeds) -Racing - short wheelbase, steep angles, little trail (18 gears) -Sport/triathlon and cross bikes - in between (100 or more miles at high speed) n Mountain, or all-terrain -Fat, knobby tires, upright, sturdy frame, suspension systems n Hybrid - Cross between road and mountain

10. Bicycles - Frame Materials n Important characteristics are elasticity, stiffness, and strength (esp st/wt ratio) n Butted and splined tubing - thicker at ends than in the middle, with ribs inside n Steel - most widely used on cheaper bikes. Reliable, inexpensive, durable, predictable in handling - but is relatively heavy n Aluminum alloys - light, shock absorbent, comfortable. Newer alloys have improved properties of stiffness and strength (e.g., zirconium on trek bikes (trekbikes.com)trekbikes.com n Titanium alloys - stiff, strong, lighter, more shock absorbent - but is expensive hard to weld and hard to machine n Composites - greatest strength/wt & stiffness/wt ratio - but expensive, bonding problems. Used mainly in front fork and stays. May fail catastrophically in other areas of frame.

11. Frame Materials used by Trek

12. Schwinn Frame Technology

13. Trek Racing Frame

14. Schwinn Suspension Frame

15. Trek Mountain Suspension Bike

16. Fisher Suspension Bike

17. Recumbent Bikes

18. Tubing design and Construction Methods Laser mitering Butted tubes – varying wall thickness Splined tubes Diameter and shape changes Lugs no longer used:

19. Suspension systems n Front, rear, and seat n Simple spring n Air coil/springing systems -Travel and stiffness may vary

20. Bicycle Accessories n Drive Train -Crank, chainrings (front driving cogs), freewheel, derailleurs (indexed and automatic shifting are recent innovations) n Shoes and pedals - clipless or with clips?

21. Accessories (cont’d) n Rims, tires, brakes n Saddles n Stems & handlebars

22. Accessories (cont’d) n Helmets n Gloves, shorts

23. Websites on Bicycles n How to select a bicycle http://www.primusweb.com/fitnesspartn er/library/equipment/equip.htm http://www.primusweb.com/fitnesspartn er/library/equipment/equip.htm n Manufacturer’s websites -TrekTrek -SchwinnSchwinn -SpecializedSpecialized