1. 1 Future Needs for Research Infrastructures in Energy Brussels, 24 January 2006 T. Jordan Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH Co-ordinator of NoE HySafe EU H 2 Safety Centre /

2. 2 Future Needs for Research Infrastructures in Energy Brussels, 24 January 2006 Main characteristics of H2 Safety  Dispersed knowledge in Europe due to different application fields, experience (oil/gas industry, other chemical industry, accidential nuclear production)  Cross-cutting issue  Closely related to RC&S  Early exceptional accident could be a show-stopper for the H 2 economy  Large energy / automotive players can afford their own research but keep results confidential  SMEs concentrate on product development, can not afford research and activities towards RC&S

3. 3 Future Needs for Research Infrastructures in Energy Brussels, 24 January 2006 NoE HySafe SES6-CT-2004-502630 General Goal  Contributing to a safe transition to a sustainable development in Europe by facilitating the safe introduction of hydrogen technologies / applications Objectives  strengthen and focus, integrate fragmented research on hydrogen safety → competitive scientific and industrial institution “European Hydrogen Safety Centre” EHSC  Promoting public awareness and trust in hydrogen technologies  development of an excellent safety culture

4. 4 Future Needs for Research Infrastructures in Energy Brussels, 24 January 2006 Medium and Long term market prospects  According to the European Hydrogen & Fuel Cell Technology Platform Strategic Overview: „Early markets - including specialist vehicles (e.g. forklifts) and portable applications – will be established by 2010, with stationary applications achieving commercialisation by 2015 and mass market transport applications by around 2020“ 2020 Assumptions: Safety, RC&S cross cutting issues

5. 5 Future Needs for Research Infrastructures in Energy Brussels, 24 January 2006 RTD objectives  Develop common understanding of safety relevant H 2 properties  Fill knowledge gaps e.g. on: oPerformance/appropriateness of mitigation measures oBehaviour in (partially) confined spaces oDDT in realistic conditions, heterogeneous mixtures, influence of water sprays oIgnition in general oSafety characterisation procedures for solid storage materials oMaterial compatibilities oHigh pressure jet behaviour oCrashworthiness of H 2 storage, piping, installations  Evaluate and develop engineering RA methodologies  Support RC&S by coordinated (integrated) pre-normative research, e.g. handbook for small stationary installations, translation of hazard zone and safety distances concepts, tunnel directives, bonfire testing …

6. 6 Future Needs for Research Infrastructures in Energy Brussels, 24 January 2006 Research Infrastructures usefulness for industry Hardware/Facilities  Most of the 78 facilities listed in the HySafe catalogue of experimental facilities (public report D9 and online presentation on www.HySafe.org) have strong industry relevance or even have been co-financed by industrywww.HySafe.org FZK INERIS HSE/HSL FZK 160m 3 Test Cell for distribution and combustion tests

7. 7 Future Needs for Research Infrastructures in Energy Brussels, 24 January 2006 Research Infrastructures usefulness for industry Software/Simulation  CFD tools for gas distribution and combustion are important tools for all involved industries  design, risk assessment, extrapolation of experimental results  Standard commercial tools in general are less useful oH 2 differs considerably from other burning gases oTools rarely fit H 2 properties oPoor verification and accuracy Prediction of flammable volume by 240g H 2 release in a “garage”:

8. 8 Future Needs for Research Infrastructures in Energy Brussels, 24 January 2006 Integration of the RTD objectives to a Strategic Research Agenda  Implicitely integrated as cross-cutting issue  a detailed list of topics has been proposed but was not implemented in the SRA  Further details see HFP Review Meeting Online Presentations (www.hfpeurope.org)www.hfpeurope.org + Leaves freedom to adopt new topics or to re-orientate HySafe roadmaps to external requirements - Makes it difficult to anticipate the needs

9. 9 Future Needs for Research Infrastructures in Energy Brussels, 24 January 2006 Mapping of existing research infrastructures Overview related to the objectives  Available infrastructure facilities  Basic distribution/combustion phenomena in most scales (mircro fuel cell to tunnel accidents)  Special equipment  testing fuel cells are available  Not many application orientated facilities  Existing H 2 measurement techniques  not fully satisfactory (spatial resolution of small releases, reaction times of precise sensors,…)  Existing software infrastructure  Not reliable enough to predict relevant phenomena accurately, still very dispersed and therefore too small efforts on proprietary codes with hidden models

10. 10 Future Needs for Research Infrastructures in Energy Brussels, 24 January 2006 Research Infrastructures needs Maintenance + Upgrades  Equipment of existing facilities with updated measurement systems  Upgrading existing facilities, e.g. to allow for H 2 handling, and releases or to allow for more application orientated experiments oTunnel facility www.l-surf.orgwww.l-surf.org oNew inserts for FZK Test Cell (Room simulation,…)  Setting up procedures for equipment exchange  Further development of existing CFD codes for H 2 dispersion and combustion modelling  Integration by continuously and commonly performed research projects

11. 11 Future Needs for Research Infrastructures in Energy Brussels, 24 January 2006 Exhaust Emissions After Treatment Equipment Silencer Air Supply Blower Exhaust Blower External Appearance of the Facility Internal Structure of Fire Test Cell Research Infrastructure needs New Facilities / Instruments  Full scale test refueling station test different scenarios, mitigation measures, safety barriers  best design and experimental verification of simulations  „European Hy-SEF“ (  Japan+US) for full scale automotive tests at system level, public garage simulations (fire, explosion,…)  Sensor arrays New optical measurements non instrusive (0-100% H 2 ) + software

12. 12 Future Needs for Research Infrastructures in Energy Brussels, 24 January 2006  Open Source European Combustion Code new development, accounting for present and future HPC architectures best documented, modular design, modern testing and verification procedures  Common European Safety Assessment Framework unique approach for all EC (FP7) projects to prove the implementation of comparable safety action plans, continuous „control/auditing“ by independant safety experts all according to guidelines (to be delivered) and existing standards/regulations  Common European Incidence/Accident Reporting feeds the open HIAD database increases information exchange, facilitates probabilistically based RA methodologies, increases public awareness  improves safety Research Infrastructure needs New Software + Procedures

13. 13 Future Needs for Research Infrastructures in Energy Brussels, 24 January 2006 Research Infrastructure needs Integrated Organisation To increase efficiencies and competitiveness integration is needed for all safety relevant activities like  Joint Research  Dissemination  Education Currently provided by NoE HySafe Public support ends 2009 (first half of FP7)  Long term survival of the successful activities, instruments, databases and networks important  Reasonable maintenance of the 5 years EC and consortium partners investment

14. 14 Future Needs for Research Infrastructures in Energy Brussels, 24 January 2006 Research Infrastructure needs Integrated Organisation IPHE CEN HFP StorHy HyWays NATURALHY North America Japan Russia ISO IEA Advisory Council HyApproval HyFire HyTrain HyCourse HySAFEST E&T R&D RC&S EH SC European Hydrogen Safety Centre

15. 15 Future Needs for Research Infrastructures in Energy Brussels, 24 January 2006 Next steps  Develop DJPA for 3rd HySafe planning period  Support HyApproval and HYTHEC by safety workshops  Develop guideline for safety action plan (templated procedure for all H 2 project proposals)  Propose joint research activities responding public calls  Business Plan for HySafe  European Hydrogen Safety Centre EHSC

16. 16 Future Needs for Research Infrastructures in Energy Brussels, 24 January 2006 Conclusion  Safety is a crucial factor for introducing H 2 as an energy carrier to the public  There is no absolute measure for safety, rather a common scientificially based consensus on relative safety features  any early exceptional accident could inhibit the new option  There are many tools available based on different (also industrial) experience, but they have to be improved, partially adapted and applied  Some additional hardware infrastructure is needed  immediate need for commonly agreed procedures and organisation of joint research  Scattered efforts need to be integrated, research coordinated and enforced by efficient cooperation centrally organised by the European Hydrogen Safety Centre EHSC