1. Part 2 - The New Testament
Bible overview
Part 2 - The New Testament
Matt Pritchard

2. The main Old Testament characters…
Saul
David
Solomon
Adam
Noah
Abraham
Isaac
Jacob
Joseph
Moses
Joshua
Samuel
Israel
(North)
Judah
(South)
Destroyed
by Assyria
Exile to Babylon
Daniel
Return
Nehemiah

3. Time line
We are
here
4000BC
3000BC
2000BC
1000BC
0AD
1000AD
2000AD ??
Early times
Adam
Abraham
Patriarchs
Moses
Kings
Exile
Exodus &
judges
Nehemiah
Malachi ch3-4
Samuel
The Old Testament closes with the prophet Malachi looking ahead to the coming Messiah…

4. A new covenant is promised
"This is the covenant I will make with the house of Israel after that time," declares the LORD.
  "I will put my law in their minds and write it on their hearts. I will be their God, and they will be my people. No longer will a man teach his neighbor, or a man his brother, saying, 'Know the LORD,' because they will all know me, from the least of them to the greatest," declares the LORD.
"For I will forgive their wickedness and will remember their sins no more."
Jeremiah 31:33-34
A biblical covenant is an agreement found in the Bible between God and His people in which God makes specific promises and demands.

5. Inter-Testament times
Romans
Greeks
Persians
Babylonians
Assyrians
Old
Testament
New
Testament

6. Jesus Prophet Priest King Old Testament points towards New Testament
reflects back on
Prophet
Priest
King
The New is in the Old concealed, the Old is in the new revealed.
Priest – who could stand between them in their sin and God in his holiness
King - to rule effectively
Prophet – to reveal God to them
“The time has come," he said. "The kingdom of God is near.
Repent and believe the good news!”
Mark 1v15

7. New Testament Matthew Mark Luke John Acts Romans 1 Corinthians
Galatians
Ephesians
Philippians
Colossians
1 Thessalonians
2 Thessalonians
1 Timothy
2 Timothy
Titus
Philemon
Hebrews
James
1 Peter
2 Peter
1 John
2 John
3 John
Jude
Revelation
History
Letters (Epistles)
Apocalypse
Gospels
Paul
General
Apocalypse = lifting of the veil (greek)
Underlined were Jesus’ disciples
Luke: Gnostics believed that the flesh was bad. Cf. Plato’s teachings
Only Matt and Luke have the nativity account

8. The Gospels “Good news” Documents of faith Historical account
Matthew
Mark
Luke
John
Acts
“Good news”
Documents of faith
Historical account
Jesus
born
John
Baptist
Resurrection
Matthew* – Jewish audience. Quotes OT. “Jesus is Messiah.”
Emphasis on Jesus’ teaching.
Mark – Roman mindset. “Jesus is the perfect servant.”
Emphasis on action rather than teaching.
Messiah in greek=christ
Son of man daniel 7v13
Jesus showed the disciples who he was and then that he must suffer and die
Gospels are documents of faith first and historical accounts second
Synoptic gospels – together with - seeing
Luke – Greek mindset. “Jesus is the perfect man.”
Emphasis on the grace of God. Healings.
John* – Broad audience. “Jesus is the Son of God.”
More reflective than the other 3 gospels.

9. Dating the Gospels Time M L Q Matthew* Mark Luke John*
‘Two source hypothesis’ Q
Matthew*
Mark
Luke
John*
Synoptic gospels – together with - seeing
Q= quelle “source” German
Time

10. Map of Jesus’ life Capernaum Nazareth Jerusalem Bethlehem
Sea of Galilee
Nazareth
65 miles
River Jordan
Jerusalem to Nazareth is about mile walk
Jerusalem
Bethlehem
Dead sea
GoogleMaps

11. Jesus’ life Nativity Baptism 40 days in the wilderness
Calling of the disciples
Teaching and Healing ministry
Teaching about his death
Palm Sunday
Passover meal
Arrest and trial
Crucifixion
Resurrection
Ascension
Disciples realise
who Jesus is
(cf. Mk 8:27-29)
Transfiguration
(Mk 9)
Nativity – arises from "natal" a Latin word meaning "birth“. Same root as nature, nation and native.
“For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life.” John 3:16

12. Jesus prophesied in the OT
“You study the Scriptures diligently because you think that in them you have eternal life. These are the very Scriptures that testify about me, yet you refuse to come to me to have life.”
John 5:39-40
Key Messianic prophecy = Isaiah 53
“he was pierced for our
transgressions” v5

13. Jesus prophesied in the OT (1)
The Messiah will be born in Bethlehem – Micah 5:2-5a
He will be King – Isaiah 9:6-7; Daniel 7:13-14; Zechariah 9:9
He will be a descendent of David – 2 Samuel 7:12-16; Psalm 132:11;
Jeremiah 23:5-6; Jeremiah 33:15; Isaiah 11:1; Numbers 24:17
He will be born of a virgin – Isaiah 7:14;
He will be a priest – Zechariah 6:11-13; Psalm 110:4
He will be Lord – Psalm 110:1
He will be God – Isaiah 9:6; Jeremiah 23:6
He will bring salvation – Isaiah 49:6; Zechariah 9:9
He will atone for sins – Isaiah 53:4-12
He will heal the sick/preach the good news – Isaiah 61; Isaiah 35:5-6
He will teach in parables – Psalm 78:2
Taken from Storylines by Mike Pilavachi

14. Jesus prophesied in the OT (2)
He will be a light to the Gentiles – Isaiah 42:6; Isaiah 49:6
He will enter Jerusalem riding a donkey – Zechariah 9:9
He will be rejected/mocked/suffer and die – Isaiah 53:1-12; Psalm 118:22;
Psalm 22:7-8
His enemies will pierce his hands and feet* – Psalm 22:16-18; Psalm 22:30
He will be betrayed by a friend – Psalm 41:9
He will be betrayed for 30 pieces of silver – Zechariah 11:13
He will be beaten, mocked and spat upon – Isaiah 50:6
His bones won’t be broken – Psalm 34:19-20
His side will be pierced – Zechariah 12:10
He will be raised from the dead - Isaiah 53:8-12; Psalm 16:10; Psalm 49:15
He will ascend to heaven – Psalm 68:18
Taken from Storylines by Mike Pilavachi
* More details: clothes divided up by cast dice

15. Paul’s conversion (Ac 9)
Acts of the Apostles
Ascension of Jesus
Pentecost (Ac 2)
Church growth
Paul’s conversion (Ac 9)
Peter’s vision (Ac 10-11)
Paul’s missions (Ac 13+)
Paul arrested (Ac 21)
The great commission…
“Therefore go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, and teaching them to obey everything I have commanded you. And surely I am with you always, to the very end of the age.”
Matthew 28v19-20
Jerusalem
Council (Ac 15)

16. Paul’s timeline Period covered by the book of Acts 1st 2nd 3rd 4th
Galatians
1 Thessalonians
2 Thessalonians
1 Corinth
2 Corinth
Romans
Ephesians
Colossians
Philemon
Philippians
1 Timothy
Titus
2 Timothy
Period covered by the book of Acts
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
Paul’s
Conversion (Ac 9)
Jerusalem
Conf. (Ac 15)
Arrested in
Jerusalem
Released
Executed
Stephen
Martyred
(Ac 7)
Caesarea
prison
Roman
prison (1)
Roman
prison (2)
Shipwreck
off Malta

17. Churches who received a letter from Paul
Italy
Macedonia
Rome
Philippi
Thessalonica
Asia Minor
Galatia
Greece
Ephesus
Corinth
Colossae
Jerusalem
GoogleMaps

18. Paul’s missionary journey (1)
Philippi
Macedonia
Thessalonica
Galatia
Pisidian Antioch
Iconium
Athens
Ephesus
Derbe
Corinth
Colossae
Tarsus
John Mark
turns back
Lystra
Perga
Antioch
Crete
Cyprus
Paphos
1st Mission (AD 46-48) to Galatia
Paul and Barnabus (+ John Mark)
Acts 13:4-14:28
Jerusalem
GoogleMaps

19. Paul’s missionary journey (2)
Philippi
Macedonia
Derbe
Lystra
Caesarea
Timothy joins
Thessalonica
Galatia
Athens
Ephesus
Barnabus and
John Mark
Paul and
Silas
Corinth
Tarsus
Colossae
Antioch
Crete
Cyprus
2nd Mission (AD 49-52) to Greece
Paul and Silas
Acts 15:39-18:22
Jerusalem
GoogleMaps

20. Paul’s missionary journey (3)
Philippi
Macedonia
Thessalonica
Galatia
Athens
Ephesus
Corinth
Tarsus
Colossae
Antioch
No Biblical evidence that Paul visited Colossae
Was Luke on this mission?
Crete
Cyprus
3rd Mission (AD 53-57) to Greece
Paul and ??
Acts 18:23-21:17
Caesarea
Jerusalem
GoogleMaps

21. Paul’s journey to Rome Rome Philippi Thessalonica Galatia Ephesus
Italy
Macedonia
Rome
Philippi
Thessalonica
Asia Minor
Greece
Galatia
Ephesus
Corinth
Colossae
Athens
Malta
Crete
Antioch
Myra
Shipwreck!
Sidon
Cyprus
Fair Haven
Journey to Rome (AD 59-60)
Paul
Acts 27:1-28:16
Caesarea
Jerusalem
GoogleMaps

22. Paul’s church letters – Romans to Galatians
Romans – A theological essay. God’s plan of salvation and righteousness for all mankind (Gentile and Jew). Justification by faith. Paul wrote to prepare the way for his visit and to present the foundations of the Christian faith.
1 Corinthians – A very practical letter dealing with specific concerns that Paul has with the church (disunity & immorality) and answering specific questions posed to him.
Foundational teaching
2 Corinthians – Paul answers his critics (Judaisers and legalists), asserts his credentials as an apostle and warns of his readiness to use discipline if necessary. Lots of autographical details about Paul’s life.
Galatians – A defence of the truth that man is justified by faith in Christ and not legalistic works. Freedom in Christ. The fruit of the Spirit (ch 5).
Romans - Basic teaching since no apostle had visited them. Church was predominantly gentile and jews were sidelined. Paul wrote to address this
1 Cor - Reply to a letter answering various questions. Pagan background to believers. Practical

23. Paul’s church letters – Ephesians to 2 Thess
Ephesians – Paul wrote to expand the horizons of his readers view of God’s eternal purpose and grace and to appreciate the high goals God has for the church. The armour of God (ch 6).
Philippians – An encouragement to stand firm in the face of persecution and rejoice regardless of circumstances. To imitate Christ’s humility, have no confidence in the flesh and be unified as a body of believers.
Christians in community
Colossians – Paul writes to combat false teaching. Presents the supremacy of Christ – he is all that we need. The second half of the book contains practical instruction on holy living.
1 Thessalonians – Paul had to leave Thessalonica abruptly due to persecution. This letter contains encouragement to new believers, instruction on godly living and teaching on Christ’s return.
The future
2 Thessalonians – Similar themes to Paul’s previous letter as either there had been a misunderstanding or they hadn’t acted upon his instructions.

24. Paul’s pastoral letters – 1 Timothy to Philemon
1 Timothy – Paul has left his young assistant to look after the church in Ephesus. The letter contains instruction on church leadership and organisation as well as personal encouragement for Timothy.
2 Timothy – Paul has been left alone and is in prison awaiting execution. He writes to Timothy a warning to guard the Gospel and to boldly pass it on to others just as Paul had devoted his life to.
Titus – Paul left Titus in charge of the church in Crete – an island reknown for it’s dishonesty, evil and laziness. As a church leader Titus should set a good example and develop other leaders there.
Philemon - Paul writes a tactful letter pleading for leniency towards a runaway slave called Onesimus.

25. Non-Pauline letters – Hebrews to 2 Peter
Hebrews (??) – Originally written to Jewish believers. The total supremacy and sufficiency of Christ. He is the fulfilment of the Old Testament promises and prophecies. Men and women of faith (ch 11). Don’t turn back or give up.
James (Jesus’ brother) – Possibly the earliest book of the New Testament. James was leader of the Jerusalem church. The letter shows how faith works out in practise. Both an encouragement and a warning.
1 Peter (Apostle) – Trouble from outside the church. To encourage those who are suffering for Christ because he is our strength and hope. It also contains teaching on Christian living and duties.
2 Peter (Apostle) – Trouble from inside the church. Warning against heresy coming from false teachers and evildoers within the community. The readers should aim to grow spiritually and be watchful as Jesus will return.
Hebrews – Christianity is better than what they had before. Don’t turn back to your laws and rituals.
Paul calls us to faith. Christian freedom
James to action. Christian living.
Peter to hope. Steadfastness in face of persecution.
John to love. Real Christian experience.

26. Non-Pauline letters – 1 John to Jude
1 John (Apostle) – He writes to combat Gnostic teaching that was creeping into the church and to give believers assurance of salvation (children of God). Love one another.
2 John (Apostle) – A warning not to accept false teachers and offer them hospitality.
3 John (Apostle) – A plea to accept teachers and evangelists and offer them hospitality.
Jude (Jesus’ brother) - Similar content to 2 Peter. Be on guard against false teachers and be prepared to oppose them with the truth about God’s saving grace.

27. Revelation Genesis 1-3 Revelation 21-22
An encouragement to keep going.
God wins! Salvation will be completed. The world will be perfected.
We are
here
Jesus Pentecost Evangelism 2nd Coming Victory
Genesis Revelation 21-22
Revelation – an unveiling

28. Canon of Scripture – The Apocrypha
“Those having been
hidden away”
“Rule” or “measure”
Why the Protestant church rejects the Apocrypha:
The writers of the books don’t claim themselves to have the same authority as the writers of the Old Testament.
They weren’t widely regarded by Jewish historians. “not… worthy of equal credit” - Josephus.
Not reference by Jesus or other New Testament writers. (There’s 295 OT references in the NT.)
There are factual errors and teaching that is inconsistent with the rest of the Bible.
Apocrypha included in Septuagint and Latin vulgate which led to widespread acceptance.
Council of trent 1546 When the roman Catholics agreed the apocrypha. See grudem. In response to the reformation. Transubstantiation and salvation by faith and works.
See grudem pg 56-9
The Deuterocanonical books are considered canonical by Roman Catholics, but are considered non-canonical by most Protestants. The word deuterocanonical comes from the Greekmeaning 'belonging to the second canon'.
12 books:
The Catholic deuterocanonical scriptural texts are:
Tobit
Judith
Additions to Esther (Vulgate Esther 10:4-16:24)[18]
Wisdom
Sirach, also called Ben Sira or Ecclesiasticus
Baruch, including the Letter of Jeremiah (Additions to Jeremiah in the Septuagint)[19]
Additions to Daniel:
Prayer of Azariah and Song of the Three Holy Children (Vulgate Daniel 3:24-90)
Susanna (Vulgate Daniel 13, Septuagint prologue)
Bel and the Dragon (Vulgate Daniel 14, Septuagint epilogue)
1 Maccabees
2 Maccabees

29. Canon of Scripture – The New Testament
“In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son…” Hebrews 1v1-2a
Apostolic Origin
Universal Acceptance
Apostolic Origin — attributed to and based upon the preaching/teaching of the first-generation apostles (or their close companions).
Universal Acceptance — acknowledged by all major Christian communities in the ancient world (by the end of the 4th century) as well as accepted canon by Jewish authorities (for the Old Testament).
Liturgical Use — read publicly when early Christian communities gathered for the Lord's Supper (their weekly worship services).
Consistent Message — containing a theological outlook similar to or complementary to other accepted Christian writings.
2 peter3v16 and 1 tim 5v Started to be seen as canon whilst still being written
Ad 397 council of carthage
Canon close hebrews 1v1-2
2 peter and 2&3 john slow to be accepted. Due to small circulation
God speaks at the points in history of redemption. Grudem pg 60
The OT closes with Malachi looking to the messiah.
Consistent Message
The New Testament Canon was
finally agreed by the ‘Council of
Carthage’ in AD 397.

30. Reliability of the Bible
New testament ,970
Iliad (Homer)
Partial manuscripts exist that were written in the 2nd century.
We can reconstruct the originals with an accuracy of ~99%.
Eliminating mistakes and scribal changes.
No one spiritual doctrine rests upon a disputed text
We know ~99% of the original written manuscript (Grudem ch4/5)
24970 mss mcdowell. Iliad homer has 643. can use to reconstruct the original
Eliminates mistakes and scribal changes
Not one doctrine rests upon a disputed text
Copies date from ~250 years after they were written. Some partial from 2nd century
Do these differences in text matter?
Obvious spelling mistake
Changes one word but not the meaning
Changes the meaning of the sentence

31. Study tools Pray to God before reading. Daily Bible notes
Ask Him to speak to you.
Daily Bible notes
Read the Bible in one year
Study guides
Commentaries
Concordance
Reference books
Meditation
Sermons and pod casts
Word live
Bible Gateway

32. Evaluation
How useful did you find this session? (1=not at all; 10=essential)
How hard did you find the content? (1=baby stuff; 10=impenetrable)
What bits did you enjoy?
What have you learnt?
What would you change?
Any other comments?