1. Fundamentals of Networking Discovery 1, Chapter 4 Connecting to the Internet through an ISP

2. Objectives Explain what the Internet is and how we connect to it using an ISP Explain how information is sent across the Internet through an ISP Describe & identify the components of an ISP Network Operations Center Identify the different types of cables and connectors for connecting the devices in the NOS Construct & terminate twisted pair cables and determine the type of cable needed

3. What this Chapter is About… Every day people are online We need to communicate Internet Service Providers (ISP) ▫ Make this possible ▫ Web of service providers You’ll see: ▫ Why ISP’s are necessary ▫ The Network Operations Centers

4. What is the Internet? Worldwide collection of computer networks, cooperating with each other to exchange information using common standards ▫ Network of networks that connects users in every country in the world Do this through: ▫ Wireless, fiber, telephone lines, satellite & more

5. The Internet Who owns it? ▫ No one What allows computers to communicate? ▫ Protocols There are several organizations that help manage it ▫ Standards ▫ Addressing

6. Imagine… What would the Internet be like if no organization granted domain names? ▫ Might have 1000 www.nintendo.com siteswww.nintendo.com What other areas did standards help in? ▫ Mobile web (other browsers) ▫ Any device with browser can access Internet ▫ Use of various devices to access web

7. Internet Organizations ISOC Internet Society ▫ Central leadership organization IETF Internet Engineering Task Force ▫ Proposes solutions to Internet problems ▫ Recommends protocol standards IRTF Internet Research Task Force ▫ Researches future of Internet ▫ How to handle transmissions during disaster IANA Internet Assigned Numbers Authority ▫ Bookkeeper of who addresses are assigned to

8. ISP’s What’s an ISP? ▫ Company that provides connections & support to access the Internet You MUST go through an ISP to get on the Internet Name yours & others

9. ISP Services What other services do ISP’s provide? ▫ Internet access ▫ Domain name registration ▫ Web hosting ▫ Transit to all over Internet is a series of ISP’s connected to one another

10. Connect to the ISP through POP Point of Presence Between your LAN & the ISP Where you get the ISP’s services- closest point of connection

11. High Speed Backbone

12. Maps & Videos http://www.telegeography.com/maps/index.php Video 1- http://youtu.be/XQVzU_YQ3IQhttp://youtu.be/XQVzU_YQ3IQ Video 2- http://youtu.be/v1JEuzBkOD8http://youtu.be/v1JEuzBkOD8 Video 3- http://youtu.be/m6qTk5WNq9Ehttp://youtu.be/m6qTk5WNq9E

13. Review 1.Describe the Internet. 2.What does ISP stand for? ▫ Internet Service Provider 3.What does an ISP do? ▫ Provides connection to the Internet 4.What is the connection point between the ISP and your LAN? ▫ POP

14. Options for Connecting to the ISP Dial-up- slowest, telephone lines Cell Phone Modem- decently fast DSL- high speed over phone lines Cable Modem- high speed over cable lines Leased Line- high speed over dedicated digital lines, for businesses, T1 Satellite- medium speeds

15. Connecting to the ISP Modem is used to connect to ISP You may have an ISR to connect multiple computers to the modem

16. ISP Service Levels Home Service ▫ Slower speed ▫ Less expensive ▫ Less web space ▫ Fewer email addresses Business Class ▫ Faster speed ▫ More expensive ▫ More web space ▫ More email addresses ▫ SLA (Service Level Agreements)  Network availability terms  Service response time  Link Link

17. Data Data is uploaded or downloaded ▫ Define each There are two types of services for data transfer ▫ Usually home is different than business

18. Asymmetric Service Download transfer rate is different from upload rate ▫ Common in homes, most Internet users ▫ Download is faster

19. Symmetric Service Download transfer rate is same as upload rate ▫ Common in businesses or hosting servers ▫ Great for uploading lots of video, data, graphics

20. Which ISP?

21. Activity Handout Research Go home & test your speed HW! http://www.speedtest.net End of Day One

22. Review 1.Name some features that a business class ISP service would offer that home service does not. 2.Describe asymmetric service. 3.Describe symmetric service. 4.What is a POP? ▫ Connection between LAN & ISP 5.What’s the high speed links that connect ISPs called? ▫ Backbone

23. The Importance of IP Internet Protocol ▫ IP carries what you do on the Internet  With others, like TCP/IP ▫ Uses packets to carry data ▫ MUST have source & destination IP address in packet ▫ Routers read them

24. IP Packet Header contains the IP addresses & control info for routers ▫ Sometimes called a datagram IP addresses MUST be unique ISP gets blocks of addresses from Internet Registry ▫ Then they manage & split them up

25. How an ISP handles Packets Message is divided into smaller packets ▫ 64-1500 bytes ▫ Downloading a 1 MB song requires over 600 packets of 1500 bytes each ISP determines whether packet is for local ISP service or for remote network

26. NOC Controls traffic flow ▫ Uses destination IP ▫ Passes from router to router Has services (web hosting, email)

27. NOC- Monitoring

28. NOC- AT &T Monitoring

29. Network Utilities- Ping Ping ▫ End-to-end connectivity ▫ Round trip time ▫ ICMP echo request

30. Network Utilities- Traceroute Traces path from source to destination Displays each hop Shows where problem is In windows, tracert

31. Traceroute http://visualroute.visualware.com/

32. Activities Packet Tracer 4.2.3.2- Observe Packet Travel Lab 4.2.3.3- Use ping, traceroute, visual traceroute and whois to check connectivity and IP addresses and learn more about how packets travel through the Internet.

33. Review

34. The Internet Cloud- 4.3.1 Many routes to a destination ▫ Bad router- take the back road! Cloud represents Internet or another network

35. Devices in the Cloud More than just routers in cloud Technology at home must match tech at ISP ▫ DSL connects to a DSLAM (access multiplexer) ▫ Cable Modem connects to a CMTS (termination system) ▫ Analog dial-up modem access ▫ Wireless access

36. Devices in the Cloud

37. Devices in the Cloud- At ISP Must have equipment to connect to other ISPs Must handle lots of traffic, near 100% uptime, redundant

38. Activity- NOC Equipment

39. Review 1.A DSLAM is needed at the ISP for which technology? ▫ DSL 2.What does DSL stand for? ▫ Digital Subscriber Line 3.A CMTS is needed for which technology? ▫ Cable Modem 4.What do you need to connect to the Internet? ▫ IP Address, default Gateway, connection to a network, and an ISP to connect you

40. ISP Equipment Requirements Servers to provide services ▫ Need steady, reliable power ▫ UPS

41. ISP Equipment Requirements Air & humidity levels Cable management ▫ Protect from damage & kept organized

42. Review

43. Common Network Cables What’s another name for cable? ▫ Medium ▫ Channel Copper Fiber Optic Wireless

44. Network Cables We’ll Discuss

45. Twisted Pair Cabling Electricity over the copper wires Pairs twisted inside jacket Can get EMI Crosstalk on long runs ▫ Signal jump cables ▫ Cat 5 has 3-4 twists per inch ▫ Makes it more resistant to interference

46. Kinds of Twisted Pair UTP ▫ Electricity ▫ Inexpensive ▫ Easy to install ▫ 4 pairs of wires, color coded ▫ RJ45 connector Cat 5 & 5e ▫ 100 & 1000Mbps Cat 6 ▫ 1000Mbps & higher

47. Review 1.What connector is on UTP? ▫ RJ45 2.What is the high speed links called that connect ISPs? ▫ Backbone 3.A router, switch & access point all in one is called what? ▫ ISR

48. Coax Cable Transmits electricity Better shielding than UTP Harder to install than UTP ISP uses these for CMTS

49. Fiber Optic Cables Transmits pulses of light Used in big environments Glass or plastic ▫ No EMI High speed ▫ LAN backbone ▫ Connect ISP to Internet 2 fibers ▫ Transmit & receive

50. Fiber Optic Cables Multimode ▫ Less $, used more ▫ Used in LANs/Campuses  2000 meters ▫ LED ▫ Many paths of light Single Mode ▫ More $, faster speed ▫ Connects backbone/NOCs  3000 meters ▫ LED laser ▫ Single path of light

51. Activity- Fiber or UTP?

52. Cabling Standards Specs for installing & testing cable ▫ Pinouts (order of wires) ▫ Wire sizes ▫ Shielding ▫ Cable lengths ▫ Connector types ▫ Performance limits

53. UTP Cables TIA/EIA ▫ 568A ▫ 568B

54. Straight-Through Cable 568B to 568B Connect unlike devices ▫ Computer to Hub/Switch ▫ Switch to router port On the PC NIC ▫ Pins 1 & 2 transmit ▫ Pins 3 & 6 receive

55. Crossover Cable 568A to 568B Like Devices ▫ Switch/hub port to switch/hub port ▫ Router port to router port ▫ PC to router port ▫ PC to PC

56. UTP Termination RJ45 male connector Jack is female

57. Let’s make cables! Straight-through 568B to 568B White-Orange Orange White-Green Blue White-Blue Green White-Brown Brown

58. Let’s make cables! Crossover 568B to 568A Change Oranges & Greens on ONE SIDE! White-Green Green White-Orange Blue White-Blue Orange White-Brown Brown

59. Terminating Patch Panel ▫ Switchboard ▫ Quickly rearrange ▫ RJ45 Jacks

60. Lab Terminate to a jack

61. Testing Cables Open ▫ Wire not in connector ▫ Break in wire Short ▫ Copper touches another Reversed Pair Split Pair

62. Other Tests- Degradation Attenuation ▫ Measure of signal strength ▫ If message fades at destination, will not be understood Crosstalk ▫ Signal leaks onto another pair of wires ▫ Can happen if cables are not terminated properly or low quality connectors

63. Cabling Best Practices- Yes or No Cable Management ▫ Keeps wires neat & organized to easily find problems ▫ Protected from damage

64. Review Which cable would you use: ▫ In your house?  UTP ▫ Between buildings?  Fiber ▫ To your cable modem?  Coax ▫ Where you get a lot of EMI?  Coax or fiber, NOT UTP!!

65. Review- 10

66. Fundamentals of Networking Discovery 1, Chapter 3 Connecting to the Internet through an ISP