1. 1 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento Week 12 April 19 Embedding a Drill-Down Graph in a FormEmbedding a Drill-Down Graph in a Form Executive Information SystemsExecutive Information Systems

2. 2 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento A Few Easy Steps In Graphics BuilderIn Graphics Builder –Build the first graph –Build the drill-down graph –Create the ogr file In Form BuilderIn Form Builder –Create the chart item that will receive the graph –Create the push button and add the PL/SQL code –Create a trigger for the chart item and add the PL/SQL code –Test the form

3. 3 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento Build the First Graph

4. 4 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento Table Descriptions

5. 5 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento SQL for Pie Chart

6. 6 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento Data Model for Pie Chart Click on “Execute” Paste the SQL into the text box

7. 7 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento Data Set for the Graph

8. 8 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento Select Graph Type and Subtype Pie chart 3D pie chart

9. 9 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento Select the Independent Variable

10. 10 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento Select the Dependent Variable

11. 11 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento Initial Graph

12. 12 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento Group Small Slices Together Click on a pie slice, Right-mouse click, and Select Frame

13. 13 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento Select Enter a value Click on OK

14. 14 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento New Graph

15. 15 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento Build the Drill-Down Graph

16. 16 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento Query for the Line Graph

17. 17 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento Click on the pie slice, Right-mouse click, and Select Properties Start Building the Graph

18. 18 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento Select “Drill-down” tab Click on “New”

19. 19 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento Enter the parameter (host variable) name and an initial value

20. 20 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento Select a column name (or alias) from the list of items (to set the host variable to)

21. 21 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento

22. 22 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento Enter SQL for the second graph Host variable

23. 23 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento Data Set for the Line Graph

24. 24 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento

25. 25 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento Add the Drill-Down Graph

26. 26 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento Select the Graph Type and Subtype

27. 27 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento Change to “Month” Set subcategory to “Record_label_code” Select the Independent Variable (x-axis)

28. 28 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento New Settings

29. 29 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento Select the Dependent Variable

30. 30 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento Initial Graph

31. 31 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento Test the Graph Default or initial value

32. 32 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento Line Graph for Atlantic

33. 33 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento Line Graph for GRP Records

34. 34 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento Generate the OGR File

35. 35 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento In Form Builder

36. 36 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento Attach og.pll to the library

37. 37 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento Select “Build a new chart manually” Create the Chart Item

38. 38 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento New Chart Item

39. 39 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento Object Navigator Note the block and item names (will be used in the PL/SQL)

40. 40 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento Create the Trigger for the Push Button

41. 41 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento PL/SQL to Launch the Graph og.open(display, item, clip-option, refresh-option) clip-option True (clip the chart to fit the dimensions of the chart item), False (match the dimensions of the chart item) refresh-optionTrue (update graphics display), False (static bitmap display)

42. 42 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento Create the Trigger for the Next Drill-Down

43. 43 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento PL/SQL to Launch the Next Drill-Down

44. 44 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento Test the Form and Graph Initial graph

45. 45 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento After Adjusting the Form and Graph

46. 46 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento Drill-Down

47. 47 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento Draw a white line to give a false right side of the graph Hint to Making Graph Fit

48. 48 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento Executive Information Systems

49. 49 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento Information Systems Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)Transaction Processing Systems (TPS) –Support the completion and monitoring of an organization’s transactions –Generation of standard documents and reports –Objectives: To process with a high degree of accuracyTo process with a high degree of accuracy To generate documents and reports in a timely mannerTo generate documents and reports in a timely manner To increase and/or enhance servicesTo increase and/or enhance services

50. 50 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento Information Systems –Objectives (cont.) To increase labor efficiency and productivityTo increase labor efficiency and productivity To maintain data and information integrityTo maintain data and information integrity To increase revenuesTo increase revenues To reduce costsTo reduce costs To support more efficient and effective operationsTo support more efficient and effective operations

51. 51 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento Ten Characteristics of TPS Large amount of inputLarge amount of input Large amount of outputLarge amount of output Large number of users impacted by the systemLarge number of users impacted by the system Need for efficient processingNeed for efficient processing Large storage requirementsLarge storage requirements Fast input and output capabilitiesFast input and output capabilities Low computational complexityLow computational complexity

52. 52 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento Ten Characteristics of TPS (Cont.) High degree of repetition in processingHigh degree of repetition in processing High potential for security-related problemsHigh potential for security-related problems Severe and negative impact on the organization if the TPS failsSevere and negative impact on the organization if the TPS fails Do all information systems work this way?

53. 53 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento Robert Anthony's Taxonomy of Managerial Information Requirements Source Internal External Scope Well defined Wide Detailed Aggregate Time Horizon Historical Future Currency Quite old Very frequent Infrequent Frequency of Use Required Accuracy HighHigh Low Strategic Planning Highly current Level of Aggregation Management Control Operational Control Information Requirements Data are organizational resources and must be properly managed.

54. 54 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento Levels of Management Strategic PlanningStrategic Planning "Strategic planning is the process of deciding on objectives of the organization, on changes in these objectives, on the resources used to attain these objectives, and on the policies that are to govern the acquisition, use, and disposition of these resources."

55. 55 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento Levels of Management (Cont.) Management controlManagement control "Management control is the process by which managers assure that resources are obtained and used effectively and efficiently in the accomplishment of the organization's objectives." Operational controlOperational control "Operation control is the process of assuring that specific tasks are carried out effectively and efficiently." Anthony, 1965 Anthony, 1965

56. 56 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento Operational Plan Planning within the Organization Tactical Plan Strategic Plan Management Control Operational Control Strategic Planning

57. 57 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento Decision Making Tasks Managerial Tasks Managerial Tasks and Decision Making Management Control Operational Control Strategic Planning Management Level Activities

58. 58 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento Decision Making in the Organization Types of Decisions Structured Semi-Structured Untructured Operational Control Management Control Strategic Planing Management Level Greater Opportunities

59. 59 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento EIS “An EIS is a computer-based system intended to facilitate and support the information and decision-making needs of senior executives by providing easy access to both internal and external information relevant to meeting the stated goals of the organization.” Marakus, 1999“An EIS is a computer-based system intended to facilitate and support the information and decision-making needs of senior executives by providing easy access to both internal and external information relevant to meeting the stated goals of the organization.” Marakus, 1999

60. 60 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento Common EIS Characteristics Used directly by top-level executivesUsed directly by top-level executives Tailored to individual executive usersTailored to individual executive users Designed to be easy to operate and require little or no training to useDesigned to be easy to operate and require little or no training to use Focused on supporting upper-level management decisionsFocused on supporting upper-level management decisions Can present information in graphical, tabular, and/or textual formatsCan present information in graphical, tabular, and/or textual formats Provides access to information from a broad range of internal and external sourcesProvides access to information from a broad range of internal and external sources

61. 61 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento Common EIS Characteristics (Cont.) Provides tools to select, extract, filter, and track critical informationProvides tools to select, extract, filter, and track critical information Provides a wide range of report including status reporting, exception reporting, trend analysis, drill down investigation, and ad hoc queries Marakus, 1999Provides a wide range of report including status reporting, exception reporting, trend analysis, drill down investigation, and ad hoc queries Marakus, 1999

62. 62 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento Common Characteristics of Executives Manage entire organization or autonomous subunitsManage entire organization or autonomous subunits Enterprise-oriented in their thinkingEnterprise-oriented in their thinking Possess the broadest span of control in the organizationPossess the broadest span of control in the organization Future-oriented and focus on strategic horizons rather than day-to-day activitiesFuture-oriented and focus on strategic horizons rather than day-to-day activities Responsible for establishing policiesResponsible for establishing policies Represent the organization and its interactions with the external environmentRepresent the organization and its interactions with the external environment

63. 63 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento Common Characteristics of Executives (Cont.) Their actions can have considerable financial, human and business consequencesTheir actions can have considerable financial, human and business consequences Must concern themselves with a wide range of internal and external issuesMust concern themselves with a wide range of internal and external issues

64. 64 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento EIS Flexibility in accessing information