1. Requirements of wireless systems in industrial areas Requirements of wireless systems in industrial areas Javier Ferrer-Coll, Per Ängskog, José Chilo, Peter Stenumgaard Center for RF Measurement Technology, University of Gävle, Sweden

2. Outline Outline Introduction Electromagnetic Interference Multipath Measurements Propagation Loss Overall Conclusion

3. Introduction Introduction Commercial wireless applications face problems: ◦ Electromagnetic Interference ◦ ISI  Multipath Effects ◦ Coverage  Propagation Loss It is needed to characterize the environment before to deploy a wireless system  measurements, simulations. Measurements campaign conducted at multiple industrial environments: ◦ Steel Mill ◦ Paper Warehouse ◦ Rail Yard Electromagnetic characterization from 20 MHz to 3 GHz.

4. ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE

5. Electromagnetic Interference Electromagnetic Interference Impulsive and Gaussian noise have different statistical properties. Detect and calculate the impact of impulsive interference in communication systems.

6. Simulation of BPSK system with Gaussian and Impulsive noise. Electromagnetic Interference Electromagnetic Interference

7. Measurements of radio interference in railway transport. ◦ Marshalling yard: Remote control locomotive technologies. Electromagnetic Interference Electromagnetic Interference Reference measurement Train with heavy load

8. Electromagnetic Interference Electromagnetic Interference Analysis of the interference ◦ Broadband frequency scan ◦ Time measurement at particular frequency ◦ Statistical analysis

9. MULTIPATH MEASUREMENTS MULTIPATH MEASUREMENTS

10. ISI (Inter-Symbol Interference) Multipath Measurements Multipath Measurements Time dispersion can produce ISI. Where can we expect problems?  Quantify Ts

11. High-Reflective High-Absorbent High-Reflective High-Absorbent

12. Multipath High-Reflective to Absorbent Multipath High-Reflective to Absorbent 90% of the received energy arrives at: 10 ns for high-absorbent 148ns for office 664ns for high-reflective

13. PROPAGATION LOSS PROPAGATION LOSS

14. Propagation Loss Propagation Loss LoS measurements in Reflective and Absorbent environment. Stronger small scale fading for Reflective.

15. Propagation Loss Propagation Loss LoS High Reflective NLoS High Reflective LoS High Absorbing NLoS High Absorbing Path Loss Exponent 1.62.722.9

16. Overall Interference vs Time Dispersion Low level of interference provides the best performance of wireless systems High reflectivity can produce ISI but low reflectivity can insert coverage problems

17. Conclusions Conclusions Impulsive noise are different than Gaussian. Electrical motors, vehicles and repair work insert impulsive interference in wireless systems. Different industrial environments have different propagation characteristics (Reflective, Absorbent). There is not a single best solution for all industrial cases.

18. THANK YOU!!! THANK YOU!!!