1. jumping gene transposable element transposition transposon

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3. Transposable element transposon Inverted repeats, palindrome transposase

4. Direct repeats

5. Tn5: Kan r Tn10: Tet r

6. Replicative transposition: Tn3

8. nonreplicative transposition: Tn10

9. Maize Barbara McClintock Figure 23.9

11. Retrotransposons retroviruses

13. RNase H degrades the RNA part of an RNA-DNA hybrid

14. LTR-containing retrotransposons Copia of Drosophila: 1% of the total fruit fly genome Ty of yeast Human endogenous retroviruses: 1-2% of the genome

15. Non-LTR retrotransposons long interspersed elements (LINES) L1: 17% of the human genome EN: endonuclease RT: reverse transcriptase

17. Nonautonomous retrotransposons encode no protein Alu elements contain the sequence AGCT that is recognized by the restriction enzyme AluI. They are present in up to a million copies in the human genome. They can not transpose by themselves. Instead they take advantage of the retrotransposition machinery of other elements, such as LINEs.

18. retrohoming

19. retrotransposition of group II intron