1. Schema Mapping as Query Discovery Renee J. Miller Laura M. Haas Mauricio A. Hernandez Presented by: Helen Chen

2. Introduction Modern applications need schema mappings Current schema mapping process is done manually In Clio, schema mapping = query discovery –Modern DBMS manage not only data but also queries

3. Introduction (cont’) Schema mappings cannot be fully automated Outside sources are needed Clio is a prototype tool for semi-automated schema mapping/query discovering

4. Characteristics of Clio Clio is VC driven VCs are an appropriate abstraction for eliciting information from the user or DBA Using reasoning about queries and query containment can help the user derive correct schema mappings

5. Principle in Mapping Construction All possible values in source  target –Use union rather than join A value from the source  target –Use join rather than cross product Override the principles is permitted once

6. Search Space Vertical compositions (join) Requires to consider mappings between schemas with constraints and dependencies Horizontal compositions (set operators) Source and target schemas do not represent the same information

7. Query Discovery Notation Let S 1, … S n represent the n source relation Let T 1, … T m represent the m target relation Use symbol A to denote source attributes –The domain of an attribute A is denoted dom(A) –The meta-data associated with A is denoted  (A) Use symbol B to denote target attributes

8. Query Discovery Notation (cont’) Value correspondence i = –A function (f i ) q >=1 f i : dom(A 1 ) x … dom(A q ) x  (A 1 ) x …  (A q )  dom(B) –A filter (p i ) p i : dom(A 1 ) x … dom(A r ) x  (A 1 ) x …  (A r )  boolean

9. Core Query Discovery Algorithm Potential Sets P Candidate Sets G A Cover  All f i All source relations All p i

10. Example Consider the following value correspondences –f 1 : S 1.A  T.C –f 2 : S 2.A  T.D –f 3 : S 2.B  T.C –All three filters are True

11. Example (cont’) P = {{ 1, 2 },{ 2, 3 },{ 1 },{ 2 },{ 3 }} G = {{ 1, 2 },{ 2, 3 },{ 1 },{ 2 },{ 3 }} Cover  1 = {{ 1, 2 },{ 2, 3 }}  2 = {{ 1 },{ 2, 3 }} … SQL Query

12. Another Example f 1 : PayRate(HrRate)*WorkdOn(Hrs)  Personnel(Sal) q 1 : SELECT P.HrRate*W.Hrs FROM PayRate P, WorksOn W WHERE P.Rank = W.ProjRank q 2 : SELECT P.HrRate*W.Hrs FROM PayRate P, WorksOn W, Student S WHERE P.Rank = W.ProjRank AND S.Yr = P.Rank

13. Another Example (cont’) q 3 : SELECT P.HrRate*W.Hrs FROM PayRate P, WorksOn W, Student S WHERE P.Rank = W.ProjRank AND S.Yr = P.Rank UNION ALL SELECT Sal FROM Professor f 1 : PayRate(HrRate)*WorkdOn(Hrs)  Personnel(Sal) p 1 : True f 2 : Professor(Sal)  Personnel(Sal) p 2 : True  = {{ 1 }, { 2 }}

14. Incremental Query Discovery Algorithm SQL Query   i+1 …  ii Add/Delete a Value Correspondence ’’

15. Conclusion Schema mapping construction process is searching for the most reasonable mapping Clio uses VCs to help users create schema mappings Clio can produce both flat and nested relational targets VC framework can be extended to both GAV and LAV

16. Limitation VCs are entered by user of linguistic techniques – semi-automated