1. Ch. 30 Capillary Electrophoresis, Capillary Electrochromatography
and Field - Flow Fractionation
Electrophoresis = ?
Capillary Electrophoresis = ?

2. 電 泳
Electrophoresis: a separation method based on the differential rate of migration of charged species in a buffer solution across which has been applied a dc electric field.
Q / d : charge-to-size ratio
1948 Nobel Prize
Swedish chemist
Serum proteins

3. 平板 Slab electrophoresis Bio macromolecules:
Proteins (enzyme, hormones, antibodies)
Nucleic acids (DNA, RNA) 平板
L. Stryer, Biochemistry, 4th ed., W. H. Freeman, 1999, p. 47.

4. F. Rouessac and A. Rouessac, Chemical Analysis, Wiley, 2000, p.112

5. 毛細管電泳
Human Genome: sequence for human DNA

7. Systematic apparatus for capillary electrophoresis
25 ~ 75 μm i.d.
~ 50 cm long
15 ~ 30 kV
vs. slab eletrophoresis:
no joul heating effect
G. D. Christian, Analytical Chemistry,
6th ed., John Wiley, 2004, p. 632

8. FIGURE 30-1 Schematic of a capillary electrophoresis system.

9. D. C. Harris, Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 6th ed., 2003, p. 655.

10. Acts as a pump
帶動整體溶液
buffer solution
e.g. Na+Ac-
Microfluid
微流體
電 滲 流
electrical
double layer
OH pH > O-
Si Si
FIGURE Charge distribution at a silica-capillary interface and resulting electroosmotic flow.

11. + = -
+ > -
D. C. Harris, Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 6th ed., 2003, p. 658.

12. - + + νeo > νe In general, 電滲流 電泳
Separation is based on differences in electrophoretic mobility.
charge / size
migration velocity
淨移動速率
FIGURE Velocities in the presence of electroosmotic flow. The length of the arrow next to an ion indicates the magnitude of its velocity; the direction of the arrow indicates the direction of motion. The negative electrode is to the right and the positive electrode to the left of this section of solution.

15. parabolic
flat
electroosmotic
hydrodynamic + -
pump
FIGURE 30-3 Flow profiles for liquids under (a) electroosmotic flow and (b) pressure-induced flow.

16. pump
D. C. Harris, Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 6th ed., 2003, p. 658.

17. ms ms
D. C. Harris, Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 7th ed., 2007.

18. D. C. Harris, Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 6th ed., 2003, p. 656.

19. van Deemter equation:
D. C. Harris, Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 6th ed., 2003, p. 656.

20. Advantages of CZE: High separation efficiency (N > 105)
Low reagent consumption
Low sample consumption (< 10 nL)

21. Sample introduction in CZE:
Electrokinetic injection
Pressure injection
a. pressure
b. vacuum
c. height difference (gravity)

22. TABLE 30-1 Detectors for CE
(UV/Vis)