1. Schafer Corporation An Employee-Owned Small Business Schafer Laboratories Schafer Corporation at Sandia National Laboratory 1515 Eubank SE, M.S 1196 Albuquerque, NM 87123 505 845-7762 (tel.) 505 845-7820 (fax) dgschro@sandia.gov Advanced Foam Shell Production Laser IFE Program Workshop Diana Schroen Jon Streit Glen Southard Naval Research Laboratory June 1, 2001

2. DSC 6/1/01 2 The Goal Of This Task Is To Produce Hollow Foam Shells. 4 mm foam shell 300 micron foam wall CH polymer ~ 1 micron cell size 10 - 20 mg/cm 3 1 micron carbon overcoat 0.03 micron gold coating

3. DSC 6/1/01 3 The Overcoated Shells Will Be Produced Using A Two Step Approach. In the first step, a droplet generator produces uncoated foam shells. We have refurbished the droplet generator to accommodate the larger size spheres. Gelation of the oil phase needs to occur about 15 minutes after the complex drop is formed. Drawing by S. Buckley

4. DSC 6/1/01 4 In the Second Step, Interfacial Polymerization Produces The Polymer Overcoat. INTERNAL WATER PHASE IPA RINSE POLYMER AND ORGANIC PHASE The shell is placed in a reactive aqueous solution a wall is built at the interface. The shell is placed in organic solvent + acid chloride. WATER PHASE + REACTANT ORGANIC + ACID CHLORIDE LIQUID CO 2 The organic phase and internal water phase must be removed. The shell is rinsed with IPA, then liquid CO 2. The CO 2 is taken supercritical and vented.

5. DSC 6/1/01 5 To Meet The Requirements Of Density, Cell Size And CH Requires A New Foam. = CH foam = IFE region

6. DSC 6/1/01 6 DVB Is Very Developmental. The process for making divinyl benzene (C 10 H 10 ) foam is an extension of processes used by Steve Letts (LLNL) and Warren Steckle (LANL). We have been making prototype samples for about 1 year. This foam is of interest for many ICF experiments: –cylinders for SNL Z-pinch –flat foams for NRL –overcoated high density beads for LLNL (Omega) The synergism of these requests has hastened development, but the difficulty of microencapsulation requires significant effort. We have hired another chemist, Jon Streit. To microencapsulate this system we need to: –determine an efficient surfactant system. –Need to study gelation, the complex drops must gel within 15 minutes of formation.

7. DSC 6/1/01 7 We Have Begun Gelation Studies. Time to gelation is a function of density. Clearly the lower the density the more difficult microencapsulation becomes. We will vary the polymerization conditions, radical initiators, and try adding small amounts of other CH monomers.

8. DSC 6/1/01 8 To Enhance Gelation We Need To Raise The Crosslinking. We are using IR spectral analysis to monitor the crosslinking. The IR absorption is obviously also important for target survivability and layering.

9. DSC 6/1/01 9 Deuterated DVB May Be Needed For IR Layering. We have produced a deuterated foam target for SNL. »10 mm tall, 5 mm OD. »30 mg/cm 3. »very difficult to handle. »witness piece sent to Schafer Livermore for IR analysis.

10. DSC 6/1/01 10 The Foam Shell Production Task Is Linked To The Characterization Task. Fred Elsner has already reported on the characterization task. We have had two meetings to coordinate efforts. Schafer has produced DVB foam in wedges, spheres and annuli to assist the characterization efforts. We have also supplied a list of solvents –index of refraction –toxicity –cost

11. DSC 6/1/01 11 We Are Progressing As Expected. We have –hired Jon Streit. –refurbished the droplet generator. –ordered and received the chemicals needed for the shell and the overcoat chemistries. –begun the gelation studies and IR analyses. –assisted the characterization task. We will now –begin the emulsion studies. –begin making high density shells.