1. CXI Sébastien BOUTET sboutet@slac.stanford.edu CXI Reference Laser System Preliminary Design Review WBS 1.3.3 Sébastien Boutet – CXI Instrument Scientist Paul Montanez – CXI Lead Engineer Kay Fox – CXI Mechanical Designer March 3, 2009

2. CXI Sébastien Boutet - sboutet@slac.stanford.edu Paul Montanez – montanez@slac.stanford.edu 2 Outline CXI Overview Reference Laser Physics Requirements Preliminary Design and Analyses Design Interfaces Controls Safety Cost & Schedule Summary

3. CXI Sébastien Boutet - sboutet@slac.stanford.edu Paul Montanez – montanez@slac.stanford.edu 3 Coherent Diffractive Imaging of Biomolecules Combine 10 5 -10 7 measurements into 3D dataset Noisy diffraction pattern LCLS pulse Particle injection One pulse, one measurement Gösta Huldt, Abraham Szöke, Janos Hajdu (J.Struct Biol, 2003 02- ERD-047) Wavefront sensor or second detector

4. CXI Sébastien Boutet - sboutet@slac.stanford.edu Paul Montanez – montanez@slac.stanford.edu 4 CXI Instrument Location XCS AMO (LCLS) CXI Endstation XPP Near Experimental Hall Far Experimental Hall X-ray Transport Tunnel Source to Sample distance : ~ 440 m

5. CXI Sébastien Boutet - sboutet@slac.stanford.edu Paul Montanez – montanez@slac.stanford.edu 5 Far Experimental Hall Coherent X-ray Imaging Instrument CXI Control Room Lab Area X-ray Correlation Spectroscopy Instrument Hutch #6 XCS Control Room

6. CXI Sébastien Boutet - sboutet@slac.stanford.edu Paul Montanez – montanez@slac.stanford.edu 6 CXI Instrument in Hutch 5

7. CXI Sébastien Boutet - sboutet@slac.stanford.edu Paul Montanez – montanez@slac.stanford.edu 7 CXI Instrument Design 1 micron focus KB system (not shown) 0.1 micron KB system Sample Chamber Detector Stage Diagnostics & Wavefront Monitor Particle injector LCLS Beam

8. CXI Sébastien Boutet - sboutet@slac.stanford.edu Paul Montanez – montanez@slac.stanford.edu 8 Reference Laser Purpose Purpose Rough alignment of the experiment without the X-ray beam Provides a visible line to align components Guarantee the detector hole is aligned with the LCLS beam CXI Detector CXI Detector Stage

9. CXI Sébastien Boutet - sboutet@slac.stanford.edu Paul Montanez – montanez@slac.stanford.edu 9 Requirements Performance Requirements Span full length of CXI Hutch Non-concurrent use of the laser and X-ray beam Stability Short term (a few days) 5% of laser beam width Long term (a few months) 15% of laser beam width Size Requirements FWHM 5.5 mm or less Highly collimated beam

10. CXI Sébastien Boutet - sboutet@slac.stanford.edu Paul Montanez – montanez@slac.stanford.edu 10 Requirements Positioning Requirements Two settings In or Out Change settings in ~10 sec or less 10 mm stay-clear when in the Out position Deflected and focused by the X-ray KB mirrors Laser to simulate distant LCLS source LCLS and laser centroid aligned to 100 microns Over full length of CXI Hutch Repeatable pointing to 100 microns over full length of hutch 100 microns over 20 meters 5 µrad pointing repeatability KB Mirrors

11. CXI Sébastien Boutet - sboutet@slac.stanford.edu Paul Montanez – montanez@slac.stanford.edu 11 Requirements Vacuum Requirements 10 -7 Torr pressure Useable with any part of the instrument vented to air Window valves all the way down the beamline Controls Requirements Remotely change In and Out state Alignment with LCLS beam performed remotely Spatial overlap to be verified with a single diagnostic LUSI Profile Monitor YAG screen Multiple monitors to verify pointing 4 monitors in total

12. CXI Sébastien Boutet - sboutet@slac.stanford.edu Paul Montanez – montanez@slac.stanford.edu 12 Requirements Safety Requirements Visible laser Class 3R or less Contained in an enclosure In-vacuum mirror interlocked with LCLS shutters to prevent the direct beam from hitting the back of the mirror.

13. CXI Sébastien Boutet - sboutet@slac.stanford.edu Paul Montanez – montanez@slac.stanford.edu 13 Outline (2) CXI Overview Reference Laser Physics Requirements Preliminary Design and Analyses Design Interfaces Controls Safety Cost & Schedule Summary

14. CXI Sébastien Boutet - sboutet@slac.stanford.edu Paul Montanez – montanez@slac.stanford.edu 14 CXI Reference Laser 1µm K-B System 0.1µm K-B System Wavefront/IP Monitor Profile/Intensity-Position Monitors H6 Beamline Preliminary Design and Analyses Performance/Positioning Requirements Reference Laser span full length of CXI Hutch Spatial overlap to be verified with a single diagnostic LUSI Profile Monitor YAG screen Multiple monitors to verify pointing 4 monitors in total Deflected and focused by the X-ray KB mirrors Laser to simulate distant LCLS source

15. CXI Sébastien Boutet - sboutet@slac.stanford.edu Paul Montanez – montanez@slac.stanford.edu 15 Preliminary Design and Analyses (1) FEH H6 Motorized center mount w/ collimator Viewport 100 l/s Ion Pump In-vacuum motorized center mount w/ mirror Motorized flipper w/ filter Optics & Diagnostics Table

16. CXI Sébastien Boutet - sboutet@slac.stanford.edu Paul Montanez – montanez@slac.stanford.edu 16 Preliminary Design and Analyses (2) Performance/Positioning Requirements Two settings In or Out Non-concurrent use of the laser and X-ray beam 10mm stay-clear when in the Out position Mirror must be moved into visible light laser to align beamline components. With safety shutter open and FEL beam on, the mirror is not in danger of being moved into the FEL beam by vacuum loading thereby resulting in a “fail-safe” design In Position Out Position Ø25mm through hole in connecting shaft

17. CXI Sébastien Boutet - sboutet@slac.stanford.edu Paul Montanez – montanez@slac.stanford.edu 17 Preliminary Design and Analyses (3) Vacuum Requirements 10 -7 Torr pressure Useable with any part of the instrument vented to air Window valves all the way down the beamline DCO Vacuum Chamber Reference laser will use a slightly modified version of the DCO vacuum chamber Leveraging existing designs (when applicable) reduces our overall engineering/design effort. Additionally, helps to ensure commonality within the LUSI instruments This chamber and its alignment stage have sustained a successful PDR (as part of the Intensity-Position Monitor review held on 9-Jan-09) Vacuum chamber is brazed 304 SST. Short in “Z” direction to conserve space “Z” Axis flanges 6.0 rotatable CFF with bellows module. Flange/bellows assembly is welded to chamber “X” axis ports NR 6.0 CFF brazed to chamber. These ports are available for pumping/viewports/etc. Pressure better than 10 -7 Torr Courtesy T. Montagne Non-Rotatable CFF Rotatable CFF Y Z X

18. CXI Sébastien Boutet - sboutet@slac.stanford.edu Paul Montanez – montanez@slac.stanford.edu 18 Preliminary Design and Analyses (4) Travel Range X10mm Y Z Pitch≈3 ˚ Roll≈ 3 ˚ Yaw≈ 3 ˚ DCO 6 Axis Alignment Stage Provides for alignment of Reference Laser vacuum chamber Courtesy T. Montagne 3X ¾-16 UNF-2B 3X ¼-20 UNC-2A

19. CXI Sébastien Boutet - sboutet@slac.stanford.edu Paul Montanez – montanez@slac.stanford.edu 19 Preliminary Design and Analyses (5) Pitch Yaw Roll Positioning/Pointing Requirements LCLS and laser centroid aligned to 100 microns Over full length of CXI Hutch Repeatable pointing to 100 microns over full length of hutch 100 microns over 20 meters 5 µrad pointing repeatability Micos HPS-170 High Precision Stage (with linear encoder) Bi-directional linear repeatability +/- 0.1µm Angular repeatability Pitch/Roll/Yaw < 1.0µrad 52mm stroke Of course we need a stiff structure to generate reproducible results of this order

20. CXI Sébastien Boutet - sboutet@slac.stanford.edu Paul Montanez – montanez@slac.stanford.edu 20 Preliminary Design and Analyses (6) Positioning Requirements Two settings In or Out Change settings in ~10 sec or less Loading of Micos linear stage (in vertical orientation) Vacuum SBC P/N 300 – 200 – 4 – XX (O.D. = 3.0in, I.D. = 2.0in) F Pressure ≈ 70lb F Spring Rate ≈ 20lb Gravity F Weight ≈ 10lb F Total = F Pressure + F Spring Rate + F Weight F Total ≈ 100lb [450N] Moment Center of connecting shaft is offset 2.5in [0.064m] from slide mounting surface M X ≈ 30 N-m Micos HPS-170 linear stage is rated for F Y = 100N (test data de-rated by a factor of 3) and M X = 300N-m Add a 5:1 gearbox to obtain F Y ≈ 1000N (test data de-rated by a factor of 1.5). With this gearbox the stage velocity is ≈ 7mm/s which means that the mirror can be moved In/Out in ≈ 8 sec Moment load (30N-m) is only ≈ 1/10 of the rated capacity

21. CXI Sébastien Boutet - sboutet@slac.stanford.edu Paul Montanez – montanez@slac.stanford.edu 21 Preliminary Design and Analyses (7) Performance Requirement Stability Short term (a few days) 5% of laser beam width Long term (a few months) 15% of laser beam width Vibration induced steering errors In-vacuum mirror needs to remain stable Natural frequency above 100Hz to prevent resonance from nearby equipment, i.e. pumps/HVAC Choose materials with high elastic modulus, e.g. SST 304 Connecting shaft is a thick walled SST tube Transverse deformation of beams is the sum of flexure and shear deformation. Shear deformations are usually neglected for the analysis of slender members, for “stout” members shear is likely to have a substantial effect on the natural frequency of the member and that frequency will be substantially lower than that predicted by flexure theory. A “rule-of-thumb” is that the slenderness ratio should be > 10 for slender members Span/Depth (slenderness ratio) = 7.6 → borderline Calculate each flavor assuming an undamped, “Fixed-Free” (cantilevered) beam with end mass Slender beam: f 1 ≈ 360Hz Stout beam: f 1 ≈ 1850Hz

22. CXI Sébastien Boutet - sboutet@slac.stanford.edu Paul Montanez – montanez@slac.stanford.edu 22 Preliminary Design and Analyses (8) Size/Safety Requirements FWHM 5.5 mm or less Highly collimated beam Visible laser Class 3R or less Contained in an enclosure Optomechanical parts list Laser source size = 6.6mm, divergence = 0.007 ˚. At downstream end of hutch size beam ≈ 9mm Laser enclosure provided primarily to prevent accidental interference with optomechanical equipment – laser is safe (restricted beam viewing, Class 3R) DeviceModelCompany Fiber-coupled laser (635nm, 2.5mW, Class 3R)S1FC635Thorlabs Fiber-coupled collimatorF810FC-635Thorlabs Shearing InterferometerSI100Thorlabs Fiber Optic CableP1-630A-FC-2Thorlabs Laser Enclosure (9"x21"x12")XE25C3Thorlabs In-vacuum motorized center mount8817-8-VNew Focus 1" Motorized Center Mount8816-8New Focus 1" Mirror5101New Focus Neutral Density Filter Set5247New Focus 1" Motorized Flipper8892New Focus

23. CXI Sébastien Boutet - sboutet@slac.stanford.edu Paul Montanez – montanez@slac.stanford.edu 23 Courtesy P.Stefan FEH Preliminary Design and Analyses (9) “ Ray-trace” for possible location of FEL in the FEH based on steering from M2H through C6 At the nominal Reference Laser location in FEH Hutch 5, possible x-ray beam excursions within ≈ Ø33mm (> Ø25mm through hole in connecting shaft) A collimator will be required upstream of the Reference Laser to prevent unwanted illumination of component surfaces. An ideal location would be upstream of XCS (FEH H4) monochromator in the XRT where the collimator would be common to both instruments

24. CXI Sébastien Boutet - sboutet@slac.stanford.edu Paul Montanez – montanez@slac.stanford.edu 24 Design Interfaces Upstream VAT Series 10 Gate Valve Welded bellows assembly on upstream side of vacuum chamber allows for alignment Downstream Slits Welded bellows assembly on downstream side of vacuum chamber allows for alignment Optics stand DCO ICD with XPP defines hole pattern on vacuum chamber alignment stage Controls Group The linear stage uses a standard 2 phase stepper motor (200 steps/rev) Use any controller/driver that can accommodate closed loop stepper with A Quad B encoder feedback Optomechanics controls

25. CXI Sébastien Boutet - sboutet@slac.stanford.edu Paul Montanez – montanez@slac.stanford.edu 25 Controls Safety & Controls Requirements In-vacuum mirror interlocked with LCLS shutters to prevent the direct beam from hitting the back of the mirror. Remotely change In and Out state Alignment with LCLS beam performed remotely Results of discussions with Controls Group QuestionAnswer Micos linear stageCan the stepper motor supplied with the selected translation stage be readily controlled? Yes, we can control this with the MForcePlus 2 controller. This controller supports the A quad B remote encoder option. Micos linear stage limit switchesCan the integrated linear stage motion limit switches be easily be integrated with beamline interlocks? Yes, they are standard normally-closed limit switches New Focus Picomotor actuatorsCan you easily implement control of New Focus Picomotors? No EPICS driver is listed for any New Focus products on the EPICS hardware page. However, this is a straight forward ASCII string communication device on the RS232 interface, so it should not be a problem. The ethernet interface provides a telnet input where the MCL commands can then be issued, so is similar. LaserCan you provide remote control of the laser? Yes, Controls can provide a 0-5V signal to turn the laser on/off Motorized flipper mountCan you provide remote control of the motorized filter flipper? Yes, Controls can provide a TTL pulse

26. CXI Sébastien Boutet - sboutet@slac.stanford.edu Paul Montanez – montanez@slac.stanford.edu 26 Safety Laser enclosure provided Restricted beam viewing Prevent accidental interference with optomechanical components Class 3R laser Safety covers will be used on moving elements to prevent “pinch-hazards” Prevent potential for over-pressurization of vacuum system during back-fill or from an accidental increase in pressure due to a system malfunction by providing an ASME UD certified and 10CFR851 compliant UHV burst disk (11.5 psi) in the vacuum region between gate valves To comply with OSHA/DOE regulations, all electronics will have certification either through a National Recognized Testing Laboratory (NRTL) or the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) as per the SLAC Electrical Equipment Inspection Program

27. CXI Sébastien Boutet - sboutet@slac.stanford.edu Paul Montanez – montanez@slac.stanford.edu 27 Cost & Schedule Month end January 2009 data Arrows indicate baseline dates

28. CXI Sébastien Boutet - sboutet@slac.stanford.edu Paul Montanez – montanez@slac.stanford.edu 28 Cost & Schedule (2) Month end January 2009 data SPI = 0.89 CPI = 1.26

29. CXI Sébastien Boutet - sboutet@slac.stanford.edu Paul Montanez – montanez@slac.stanford.edu 29 Summary Reference Laser preliminary design is well advanced Controls issues have been addressed in partnership with the Controls Group and are easily implemented Cost/Schedule No foreseeable schedule issues Negative schedule variance (cumulative-to-date) is due to effort status at the end of January, we are currently slightly ahead of schedule Schedule Performance Index (SPI) = 0.89 Positive cost variance (cumulative-to-date) implies that we are efficient in accomplishing the work, i.e. costs are running under budget Cost Performance Index (CPI) = 1.26 To Do list Design supports from Optics Stand to laser breadboard and ion pump Develop an alignment plan Design ready to advance to final design

30. CXI Sébastien Boutet - sboutet@slac.stanford.edu Paul Montanez – montanez@slac.stanford.edu 30

31. CXI Sébastien Boutet - sboutet@slac.stanford.edu Paul Montanez – montanez@slac.stanford.edu 31 Supporting Material 8817-8-V Tip angular range ≈ 9 ˚ Tilt angular range ≈ 9 ˚

32. CXI Sébastien Boutet - sboutet@slac.stanford.edu Paul Montanez – montanez@slac.stanford.edu 32 Supporting Material (2) Vacuum loading

33. CXI Sébastien Boutet - sboutet@slac.stanford.edu Paul Montanez – montanez@slac.stanford.edu 33 Supporting Material (3)

34. CXI Sébastien Boutet - sboutet@slac.stanford.edu Paul Montanez – montanez@slac.stanford.edu 34 Supporting Material (4)

35. CXI Sébastien Boutet - sboutet@slac.stanford.edu Paul Montanez – montanez@slac.stanford.edu 35 Supporting Material (5)

36. CXI Sébastien Boutet - sboutet@slac.stanford.edu Paul Montanez – montanez@slac.stanford.edu 36 Supporting Material (6)