1. Testing Various Energy Systems

2. Energy Transfer Exercise Duration (sec) % Capacity of Energy Systems 100% 1030 120300

3. Immediate System Power Tests ATP-CP 6 - 8 seconds

4. Immediate System Stair-Sprint 3-step leaps Power = (F x d) / T Given:

5. Immediate System Stair-Sprint 8” (20 cm) steps traverse 6 steps time = 0.5 sec. Weight = 100 kg Power = (100 kg * [0.2 m * 6]) / 0.5 sec Power = 240 kg*m/sec

6. Immediate System Stair-Sprint Limitations: highly dependent on subject’s mass best used for comparisons of individuals w/ same mass

7. Immediate System Jump Tests Vertical Jump (Sargent) Standing Broad/Long Jump may test power but not ATP-CP capacity

8. Interrelationships between power tests Variables40-yd dash Jump & Reach Bicycle Stair-Sprint- 0.880.560.69 40-yd dash--- 0.48- 0.62 Bicycle-- 0.31

9. Short-Term Energy System Blood lactate Maximal exercise  3 minutes Specificity of exercise

10. Short-Term Energy System Cycle ergometer x 40 seconds Wingate – 30 seconds Cycle ergometer Upper body ergometer Peak power  3-5 sec. interval  anaerobic power Average power  power over entire time  anaerobic capacity

11. Short-Term Energy System Peak power  energy-generating capacity of high energy phosphates Average power  glycolytic capacity

12. Short-Term Energy System Physiologic Measures Blood lactate Glycogen depletion

13. Short-Term Energy System Exercise Duration (min) Muscle Glycogen (mM/kg) 180 50 100 60 31% max 64% max 83% max 150% max 120% max

14. Effects of Training  ability to generate glycogen No improved buffering Buffering solutions may help

15. Long-Term Energy System Aerobic Max VO 2 Highest value of O 2 uptake during a test

16. VO 2 max Time O 2 uptake (L/min) 4

17. Tests Spirometry Supermaximal x 3-5 minutes Graded exercise Bruce protocol

18. Factors Affecting VO 2 max Exercise mode – upper vs. lower Specificity of exercise Genetics – 20 - 30% Fitness level – 5 – 20%

19. Factors Affecting VO 2 max Gender Body mass Age After 25,  1% / year Exercise can offset

20. Predicted VO 2 max Based on HR – within 10-20% Running/walking tests 12 minute run (Cooper) Step test Cycle ergometry Treadmill