1. MS Proposal Evaluation of beef calf production system, for Tizimin, Yucatan Mexico Kotaro Baba

3. www.cs.unm.edu

4. www.tourbymexico.com

5. Brief information about Tizimin Tizimin is located close to Merida, and Cancun Tizimin is located close to Merida, and Cancun No rivers in this region No rivers in this region Hot and humid climate Hot and humid climate Seasonal differences Seasonal differences

6. The annual variation of temperature and precipitation in Yucatan ( Source Magaña, UADY)

7. Cows in Tizimin Reproduction cows Reproduction cows Large and Small Ranches Large and Small Ranches Mostly crossbreds of Bos tauras and Bos indicus Mostly crossbreds of Bos tauras and Bos indicus

9. Feeding Grazing Grazing -Guinea grass (Panicum maximum) -Brizantha (Brachiaria brizantha) -Star grass (Cynodon plectostachyus) -Taiwan grass (Pennisetum purpureum)

11. d

12. Supplements for cows, especially in the dry season and lactation stage -P oultry manure -P oultry manure -Molasses -Molasses -Commercial energy and protein concentrates “Campi” “Engorda ganado” -Commercial energy and protein concentrates “Campi” “Engorda ganado”

13. Irrigation Pumps from under ground Pumps from under ground The cost of irrigation is expensive. The cost of irrigation is expensive.

15. The annual variation of temperature and precipitation in Yucatan ( Source Magaña, UADY)

17. Problem Statements Nutrition, no grasses during the dry season. Nutrition, no grasses during the dry season. Irrigation is expensive. Irrigation is expensive.

18. Improve beef production 1.Nutrition concepts 1.Nutrition concepts 2.Ranch management 2.Ranch management 3.Enhancements in reproduction index 3.Enhancements in reproduction index 4.Genetic selection 4.Genetic selection Tedeschi, Fox, Baker(2003) Tedeschi, Fox, Baker(2003)

19. Nutrition, energy balance of cows Energy balance of cows Energy balance of cows Nutrition and energy balance are important to reproduction (Canfield et al.,1990) Nutrition and energy balance are important to reproduction (Canfield et al.,1990) Energy is the first limitation for production Energy is the first limitation for production

20. Objectives of the thesis 1.To evaluate the forage energy availability by month of matching of nutrient requirements of cows and breeding heifers. 2.To develop supplements for beef cows calving each month of the year.

21. Groups of seasons and cattle 1.Seasons -first half of the rainy season -first half of the rainy season -second half of the rainy season -second half of the rainy season -cool windy season -cool windy season -dry season -dry season 2.Groups of animals -weaning calves -weaning calves -breeding heifers -breeding heifers -first and second calf cows -first and second calf cows -older cows -older cows 3.Physiological status of cows -Early lactation -Early lactation -Late lactation -Late lactation -Early dry cows -Early dry cows -Late dry cows -Late dry cows

22. Source, Reynoso-Campos et al.,2003

25. The CVDS Inputs required 1.Estmates of ME (Metabolizable Energy) value of forage consumed each month 2.Description of cows that calve during each of 12 months. 3.Input information -existing data, and assumption

26. Source, Tedeschi et al.,2003

28. Objectives of the thesis 2.To develop supplements for beef cows calving each month of the year. 2.To develop supplements for beef cows calving each month of the year.

29. Supplements for cows -Poultry manure -Poultry manure -Molasses -Molasses -Energy concentrates such as Sorghum and Corn -Energy concentrates such as Sorghum and Corn -Commercial energy and protein concentrates “Campi” “Engorda ganado” -Commercial energy and protein concentrates “Campi” “Engorda ganado” - Commercial hay grass - Commercial hay grass - Urea - Urea -Legumes -Legumes

30. The CNCPS 1.Inputs required -Environmental information -Description of cows -Forage chemical components information 2. Input information Existing data and assumptions

31. Appropriate supplementation with the CNCPS for each group 1.Seasons -first half of the rainy season -first half of the rainy season -second half of the rainy season -second half of the rainy season -cool windy season -cool windy season -dry season -dry season 2.Groups of animals -weaning calves -weaning calves -breeding heifers -breeding heifers -first and second calf cows -first and second calf cows -older cows -older cows 3.Physiological status of cows -Early lactation -Early lactation -Late lactation -Late lactation -Early dry cows -Early dry cows -Late dry cows -Late dry cows

32. Outputs 1.To evaluate the forage energy availability by month of matching of nutrient requirements of cows and breeding heifers. 1.To evaluate the forage energy availability by month of matching of nutrient requirements of cows and breeding heifers. 2.To develop supplements for beef cows calving each month of the year. 2.To develop supplements for beef cows calving each month of the year.