1. Moku‘aweoweo caldera, at the summit of Mauna Loa - CALDERAS, MAGMA CHAMBERS, AND THE TRANSITION OF A HAWAIIAN VOLCANO FROM YOUTHFUL VIGOR TO MIDDLE AGE

2. Kilauea caldera: - Complex caldera- boundary faults, and Halema‘uma‘u, (H) an intra-caldera pit crater 1954 lava flow H

3. Magma chamber processes, as long as there is sufficient supply to keep the magma chamber from solidifying

4. Complex migration of the center of inflation prior to an eruption in 1967. During the ensuing eruption, the deflation pattern was not a reverse of the inflation pattern. Fiske & Kinoshita (1969)

5. The cumulative “collapse” profile of the Kilauea caldera since 1823 is funnel-shaped rather than piston shaped.

6. ~5 km Vertical air photo of Moku‘aweoweo, the summit caldera of Mauna Loa. Note flows truncated by caldera margin. -

7. Ryan et al. (1882)

8. Rift zones on O‘ahu are identified most easily by mapping dike swarms. Wai‘anae rift zone axes and caldera Ko‘olau rift zone axes and caldera

9. Savaii (Samoa) has very prominent rift zones marked by scoria cones

10. Karthala volcano on Grand Comoro (about 1/2-way between Mozambique and Madagascar) is the volcano most similar to Hawaiian volcanoes with respect to rift zones and a caldera

12. Mauna Loa, viewed from Kilauea -

13. Hawai‘i, viewed from Maui Mauna LoaMauna Kea Kohala Hualalai -

14. Mauna Kea, viewed from Hilo airport.

15. Mauna Kea, viewed from Mauna Loa solidified magma chamber erupting magma makes the whole journey w/o stopping erupting lava has all it’s original gas content and has cooled

16. -volcano moves off hotspot -magma production declines -alkalic composition of magma -magma chamber solidifies -Hualalai, Mauna Kea -

18. PAU