1. ENSC 305/340 Team Presentation Dyno I Fall 2004 Presented By: Arash Taheri Ali Taheri Houman Hatamian Nima Kokabi

2. Agenda Introduction/Background by Arash Introduction/Background by Arash Hardware Design by Nima Hardware Design by Nima Software Design by Houman Software Design by Houman Implementation by Ali Implementation by Ali Cost Structure / Future Plan by Arash Cost Structure / Future Plan by Arash Conclusion by Nima Conclusion by Nima

3. Introduction A prosthetic eye replaces a real human eye lost in an accident or by a disease A prosthetic eye replaces a real human eye lost in an accident or by a disease These eyes primarily serves esthetical purposes These eyes primarily serves esthetical purposes The appearance of prosthetic eyes have improved quite dramatically over the years The appearance of prosthetic eyes have improved quite dramatically over the years However more improvements need be done However more improvements need be done

4. Current Prosthetic Eyes Prosthetic eyes provide patients with a very closely resembling replica of real human eye. Prosthetic eyes provide patients with a very closely resembling replica of real human eye. However, the main draw back of current prosthetic eyes is lack of dynamicity in the pupil. However, the main draw back of current prosthetic eyes is lack of dynamicity in the pupil.

5. Current Prosthetic Eyes cont…

6. Dyno I’s Proposed Solution Dyno I ® have developed a design in which a dynamic pupil is integrated into a prosthetic eye. Dyno I ® have developed a design in which a dynamic pupil is integrated into a prosthetic eye. A custom made LCD consisting of several rings is utilized as the pupil of the eye. A custom made LCD consisting of several rings is utilized as the pupil of the eye. The system is also consists of photodiode and a microcontroller to measure the intensity of the ambient light. The system is also consists of photodiode and a microcontroller to measure the intensity of the ambient light.

7. Overall System Design

8. Custom-Made Transmissive LCD

9. Final Hardware Design

10. Microcontroller Ultra low-power microcontroller featuring LCD driver Ultra low-power microcontroller featuring LCD driver Ability to reduce unnecessary power consumption Ability to reduce unnecessary power consumption Utilizing the on board A/D converter to measure the intensity of the ambient light Utilizing the on board A/D converter to measure the intensity of the ambient light Battery powered, low cost and reliable Battery powered, low cost and reliable

11. Software Design Compare photo diode generate voltage with calibrated reference voltage Compare photo diode generate voltage with calibrated reference voltage Calculating the number rings necessary to be ON Calculating the number rings necessary to be ON Making the CPU to go the Sleep mode and remain there for 1 second Making the CPU to go the Sleep mode and remain there for 1 second Reducing power consumption Reducing power consumption Going to standby mode when at pitch dark for more than 5 min: tremendous power saving feature Going to standby mode when at pitch dark for more than 5 min: tremendous power saving feature

12. Software Algorithm

13. Design Obstacles Battery powered: One 3V battery preferentially lasting for 2 years Battery powered: One 3V battery preferentially lasting for 2 years All the circuitry components including the battery need to be heat resistance; the prosthetic eyes need to be heat cured All the circuitry components including the battery need to be heat resistance; the prosthetic eyes need to be heat cured Size constraint: the smallest the circuitry the more universal the product will be Size constraint: the smallest the circuitry the more universal the product will be

14. Working Prototype

15. Working Prototype cont…

16. Projected Cost Microcontroller : $2.50 Microcontroller : $2.50 Photodiode: 50 ¢ Photodiode: 50 ¢ Battery: $2 Battery: $2 LCD: $2.50 LCD: $2.50 Crystal: $1 Crystal: $1 Electronic components: $1 Electronic components: $1 LCD flex cable connector: $1.75 LCD flex cable connector: $1.75 PCB: $1.50 PCB: $1.50 Assembly cost: 75 ¢ Assembly cost: 75 ¢ Total: $13.50 Cnd

17. Projected Market Approximately new 400 prosthetic eyes made in BC last year Approximately new 400 prosthetic eyes made in BC last year Life cycle of 2 to 3 years for existing eyes: they need to be replaced Life cycle of 2 to 3 years for existing eyes: they need to be replaced Approximately 40,000 prosthetic eyes made in North America last year Approximately 40,000 prosthetic eyes made in North America last year Estimated 20,000 colored eye Estimated 20,000 colored eye

18. Projected Market cont… Our target price: $125 Our target price: $125 Estimated revenue from North America: $2,500,000 Estimated revenue from North America: $2,500,000 Projected Startup funding required: Projected Startup funding required:$150,000 Possible sources of funding: IRAP, Bank Loans, Angel Investor, etc. Possible sources of funding: IRAP, Bank Loans, Angel Investor, etc.

19. Future Improvements Thin LCD: possibly the newly introduced thin film LCD Thin LCD: possibly the newly introduced thin film LCD Designing our custom-made integrated circuitry, IC: extremely small and low powered consumption Designing our custom-made integrated circuitry, IC: extremely small and low powered consumption Source of power: rechargeable batteries, solar cells, etc. Source of power: rechargeable batteries, solar cells, etc.

20. Conclusion Our product improves the appearance of a prosthetic eyes by a great extent Our product improves the appearance of a prosthetic eyes by a great extent Our designed prosthetic eye at Dyno I ® will provide patients with a very cost effective and cosmetically appealing solution that functions very similar to a real eye Our designed prosthetic eye at Dyno I ® will provide patients with a very cost effective and cosmetically appealing solution that functions very similar to a real eye Sustainable market with potential to be extended to European and other markets throughout the world. Sustainable market with potential to be extended to European and other markets throughout the world.