1. Leaning Tower of Pisa Grade: 5 By: Alicia Abbate

2. Standard 2, 3, and 4 Theme – III People, Places, and Environments Objectives: –S–Students will be able to identify the location of the tower. –S–Students will be able to identify the Tower’s history. –S–Students will be able to identify when The Tower was built and why.

3. Here we Go…. You are an architect who is sent across seas to Italy. You are to study the famous Leaning Tower of Pisa. You would like to find out the structure and the history of the tower and what caused such a beautiful structure to lean.

4. Pisa Facts… Official Name: TORRE PENDENTE DI PISA Function: Bell Tower (Campanile) Original Architect: Bonanno Pisano Architect who realized that the Leaning Tower could not be straightened: Tomasso di Andrea da Pontedera (1275) Years Built: 1173-1360 Height: estimated 55 meters from the ground Weight: estimated 14,453 tons # of Steps: 296

5. Did you know?.... The leaning tower of Pisa was built at different times throughout history. It began being built in 1173 and construction ended in 1360. Timeline of construction

6. Why was the Tower Built?... The Tower of Pisa was built to show the rest of the world the wealth of the city of Pisa. The people of Pisa were very good sailors and they conquered many lands, including Jerusalem, Carthago, Ibiza, Mallorca, Africa, Belgium, Britania, Norway, Spain, Morocco, and other places. But they had only one real enemy, the people from Florence. And to show how well they were doing they started to build a really useless belltower to go with the rest of the buildings near it - the Cathedral, Baptistery, and Cemetery.

7. Where is the tower located? The bell tower is located in Pisa, Italy, on Piazza dei Miracoli next to the Cathedral, Pisa Italy Note: Number 3 is Pisa, Italy Look around the Pisa, Italy

8. Why is the Tower called “Leaning?”…..  The Tower was given such a name because it does not stand erect like other towers, but 'leans' at an angle of 5.5 degrees from the perpendicular. This is because the uneven settling of its foundation.

9. The Tower Today…  In 1990, the Leaning Tower of Pisa was closed as there was a threat of collapse. This was because it was subsiding at the rate of 0.03 inches a year. Engineers undertook a strengthening project that decreased the lean by 17 inches to about 13.5 ft. The work was completed in May 2001 and reopened for public in June 16, 2001.  AND, in June 1999 the tower leaned an inch less than it had at the beginning of the year

10. The Basement and the first floor.. In the basement floor it is decorated with animals and ships, showing stylistic characteristics which can be easily related to the work of Biduino, belong to the original decorative scheme. The next first floor is the entry way into this miraculous building and is unlike any of the other floors (besides the roof) visit the first floor