1. Leveraging Personal Knowledge for Robust Authentication Systems Mentor: Danfeng Yao Anitra Babic Chestnut Hill College Computer Science Department

2. Background A ‘secret’ question is the question that will often times be asked as a secondary authentication question Examples include: ‘What is your per’s name?’ ‘What is your favorite song?’ ‘What was the name of your first school?’ This sort of security has appeared on: Gmail, Yahoo! Mail, Hotmail, AOL, Facebook…

3. Secret Questions Online

4. Negative Results of Secret Questions A Microsoft study* found that currently implemented secret questions are far from foolproof Focused on top four email providers ‘secret’ questions 17% of a user’s friends could guess the answer on first try 13% could do it within 5 tries 13% are statically guessable The study focused on making secret questions easier to remember for the user Have proposed a multiple questions, printing out user answers, among other methods to help users remember * Schechter, S, Brush, A. J., & Egelman, S (2008). It's No Secret: Measuring the security and reliability of authentication via 'secret' questions. 1-16.

5. Goals A more challenging approach to authentication through the use of the user’s personal knowledge To create a series of questions to identify the user from an invisible/bot intruder or malicious user Bot - a compromised machine which acts autonomously To identify human users from bots by utilizing human interaction with their machines To use the findings from previous studies to create improved secret questions

6. Characterization Study on Individuals’ Web Usage Patterns A statistical and temporal analysis on 500 users’ 4-month long HTTP port 80 trace at Rutgers was preformed Found that Users tend to visit the same IPs Xiong, H, & Yao, D (2008). Towards Personalized Security: Analysis of Individual Usage Patterns in Organizational Wireless Networks.

7. User’s Traffic Recognition Ability Experiment methodology: While a user’s surfing, inject arbitrary traffic Ask user to classify traffic as own or bot 7 users, 10-minute sessions Findings: <1% false negative rate - injected bot URLs are easily detected by users 40% false positive rate - tend to classify unknown URLs as malicious 91% false positives are due to third-party content Xiong, H, & Yao, D (2008). Towards Personalized Security: Analysis of Individual Usage Patterns in Organizational Wireless Networks.

8. Approach We plan on developing questions that are based off of user activities Network Activities Browsing History, Emails… Physical Events Planned Meetings, Calendar Items… Conceptual Opinions Opinions as derived from emails, still conceptual These questions will be generated and then replace the less secure ‘secret questions’

9. Process Plan to develop a novel approach to secret questions because the areas we are focusing on Are dynamic, personal, and have less vulnerabilities Plan Develop Questions Find out the security of them through a user study Solicit Help from SurveyMonkey Use a Parallel Attack Model