1. Review of CMPE12C Fall 2003

2. CMPE12cCyrus Bazeghi 2 Practice Final Exam Simply print out all the homework solutions and the Midterm solutions and do problems again and check if you did them correctly. Do again and again. You can also check out the final on the Spring03 website to see some examples. Also look at old homework for memory hierarchy and pipelining questions (we did not cover as much this quarter).

3. CMPE12cCyrus Bazeghi 3 What we covered MAL programming Number Systems (Roman, Binary, Hexadecimal, Octal, Decimal) Data Representation (Biased Numbers, 1’s & 2’s Compliment, Sign Magnitude, ASCII, Floating Point) Arithmetic and Logical Operations (not, nor, nand, xor,…, shifting, rotating, addition, subtraction, multiplication) Floating Point Arithmetic (adding, subtracting, multiplying)

4. CMPE12cCyrus Bazeghi 4 Data Structures (memories, arrays (1D and 2D), queues, stacks) Procedures (JAL and JR, system stack usage) The Assembly Process (linking and loading, machine code, TAL) I/O and interrupts HC11 Assembly & Microcontrollers Architecture (Pipelining, Memory Hierarchy) What we covered

5. CMPE12cCyrus Bazeghi 5 How to convert between radixes Given the binary number 1011, what is the Decimal, Hex, and Octal equivalents? What is –23 in 1’s and 2’s Compliment? How about SM?

6. CMPE12cCyrus Bazeghi 6 Floating Point Add/Sub Add/Sub: What you do is very simple. 1)Break up into 3 parts (S,E,F) 2)Make the smaller exponent the same as the bigger one. 3)Adjust the fraction accordingly (be sure to put the hidden bit in). 4)Add/sub the fractional parts together, like SM. 5)Renormalize the fraction and adjust the exponent as needed. 6)Put back together into one 32-bit word the 3 parts, S, E, and F.

7. CMPE12cCyrus Bazeghi 7 Floating Point Multiplication Multiplication: What you do is so simple. 1)Break up into 3 parts (S,E,F). 2)Add exponents together and take out 127 to keep as biased 127 3)Multiply the 2 fractions (be sure to put the hidden bit back) 4)Renormalize the fraction and adjust the exponent as needed. 5)Put back together into one 32-bit word the 3 parts, S, E, and F.

8. CMPE12cCyrus Bazeghi 8 Arithmetic Operations Do you know how to do binary addition and subtraction? What is the difference between a logical and arithmetic shift? Remember how to do 2’s compliment addition? Subtraction? What about all the logical operations? (NOT, NOR, NAND…)

9. CMPE12cCyrus Bazeghi 9 Data Structures How do you make an array in MAL/HC11 (1D and 2D)? What is a queue? How about a stack? How do you implement one in MAL? How about HC11?

10. CMPE12cCyrus Bazeghi 10 Procedures So what is a procedure? What does it mean to “jump to it” and “jump out of it”? What is the system stack? How do we use it? What do we use it for?

11. CMPE12cCyrus Bazeghi 11 Assembly Process What is the assembly process? What is Machine Code? What are the different formats of the instructions?

12. CMPE12cCyrus Bazeghi 12 IO and Interrupts What is IO? How do we “talk” to it as a programmer? What are interrupts? Why use them? What are some alternatives?

13. CMPE12cCyrus Bazeghi 13 Microcontrollers What are microcontrollers? What are they used in and why? What are some of the differences between the HC11 and MAL assembly?

14. CMPE12cCyrus Bazeghi 14 Architecture What is pipelining? Why would use want to use it? What is a memory hierarchy? Why have one? What is “virtual memory”? Why use it?

15. CMPE12cCyrus Bazeghi 15 That is about it… Bring your HC11 programmers guide to the exam I will give you the MAL/TAL sheet I will weigh the final more than 40% if you do really good on it. This way if you did poorly on the first exams you can still pass or get better than a C. Good luck to you all!!!!