1. EET 110 Survey of Electronics Chapter 5 Sources of Electricity

2. FIGURE 5-1 Carbon-zinc cell. (Courtesy of Union Carbide Corp.) Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

3. FIGURE 5-3 Lead-acid cells of a battery. (Courtesy of Exide Corp.) Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

4. Lead-Acid Battery 1.A resilient Plastic container. 2.Positive and negative internal plates made of lead. 3.Plate separators made of porous synthetic material. 4.Electrolyte, a dilute solution of sulfuric acid and water better known as battery acid. 5.Lead terminals, the connection point between the battery and whatever it powers.

8. FIGURE 5-4 Hydrometer used to test batteries. (Courtesy of Exide Corp.) Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

9. FIGURE 5-6 Series voltage connection: (a) pictorial; (b) schematic; (c) flashlight with series batteries; (d) schematic of flashlight circuit. Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

10. FIGURE 5-6 continued Series voltage connection: (a) pictorial; (b) schematic; (c) flashlight with series batteries; (d) schematic of flashlight circuit. Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

11. FIGURE 5-6 continued Series voltage connection: (a) pictorial; (b) schematic; (c) flashlight with series batteries; (d) schematic of flashlight circuit. Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

12. FIGURE 5-7 Parallel voltage connection: (a) pictorial; (b) schematic. Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

13. FIGURE 5-7 continued Parallel voltage connection: (a) pictorial; (b) schematic. Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

14. FIGURE 5-9 Solar cell. Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

18. FIGURE 5-10 Operating principle of a thermocouple. Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

19. FIGURE 5-12 Piezoelectric principle of a microphone. Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

20. FIGURE 5-13 Principle of electromagnetic induction: (a) conductor placed inside a magnetic field; (b) conductor moved downward through the magnetic field. Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

21. FIGURE 5-13 continued Principle of electromagnetic induction: (a) conductor placed inside a magnetic field; (b) conductor moved downward through the magnetic field. Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

22. FIGURE 5-14 Voltage generation: (a) loop of wire rotated through a magnetic field; (b) voltage produced by the movement of the loop of wire. Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

23. FIGURE 5-15 Two cycles of an alternating-current (ac) sine wave. Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

24. FIGURE 5-16 Generation of an ac sine wave: (a) sine values of angles from 0 to 360; (b) sine wave produced. Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

25. FIGURE 5-16 continued Generation of an ac sine wave: (a) sine values of angles from 0 to 360; (b) sine wave produced. Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

26. FIGURE 5-17 Generating voltage: (a) rotating-armature method; (b) rotating-field method. Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

27. FIGURE 5-18 Three-phase system: (a) construction features; (b) diagram of three-phase voltage. Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

28. FIGURE 5-18 continued Three-phase system: (a) construction features; (b) diagram of three-phase voltage. Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

29. FIGURE 5-19 Three-phase connections: (a) wye connection, sometimes called a star connection; (b) delta connection. Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

30. FIGURE 5-20 Parts of an automobile alternator. (Courtesy of Chrysler Corp.) Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

31. FIGURE 5-21 Parts of a direct-current generator: (a) basic parts; (b) electromagnetic pole pieces; (c) brush assembly; (d) rotor; (e) commutator detail. Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

32. FIGURE 5-22 Current flow from the coils of a dc generator: (a) single coil-pulsating direct current; (b) many coils-more pure direct current. Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

33. FIGURE 5-22 continued Current flow from the coils of a dc generator: (a) single coil-pulsating direct current; (b) many coils- more pure direct current. Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

34. FIGURE 5-23 Cutaway of a shunt-wound dc generator. (Courtesy of Delco-Remy.) Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

35. FIGURE 5-24 Permanent magnet dc generator: (a) pictorial; (b) schematic. Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. (a)

36. FIGURE 5-24 continued Permanent magnet dc generator: (a) pictorial; (b) schematic. Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. (b)

37. FIGURE 5-25 Separately excited dc generator: (a) pictorial; (b) schematic. Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. (a)

38. FIGURE 5-25 continued Separately excited dc generator: (a) pictorial; (b) schematic. Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. (b)

39. FIGURE 5-26 Series-wound dc generator: (a) pictorial; (b) schematic. Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

40. FIGURE 5-27 Output graph of a series-wound dc generator. Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

41. FIGURE 5-28 Shunt-wound dc generator: (a) pictorial; (b) schematic. Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

42. FIGURE 5-30 Compound-wound dc generator: (a) pictorial; (b) short shunt generator-shunt field is connected across the armature only; (c) long shunt generator-shunt field is connected across the armature and series field. Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

43. FIGURE 5-31 Output graph for three types of compound-wound dc generators. Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

44. FIGURE 5-32 Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

45. FIGURE 5-32 continued Dale R. Patrick Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

46. Fuel Cell