1. HISTORY OF ENGINEERING & DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING
(Lecture # 2)

2. Chronology of Industrial Engineering
Emergence of IE – increasing need for technically trained people who could plan, organize, and direct the operations of large complex systems
History – supervisors were given verbal instructions
Any improved efficiency usually came from worker himself
F. W. Taylor – analyzing and the work content of a job and designing the job for maximum efficiency – effects on planning, scheduling and process

3. Chronology of Industrial Engineering
F. B. Gilbreth – analysis, measurement of fundamental motions – ‘reach’, ‘grasp’ and ‘transport’
H. L. Gantt – Gantt chart – systematic graphical tool for preplanning and scheduling activities, reviewing progress, and updating schedule
W. A. Shewhart – fundamental principles of quality control in 1924
Industrial engineering developed as a profession based on “science” rather than “art”

4. Chronology of Industrial Engineering
The history of IE is spread on the overlapping periods of
Scientific Management – 1930
Industrial Engineering 1920 – Present
Operations Research 1940 – 1970
IE & Systems Engineering 1970 – Future
We can see that IE has seen most of its developments in the last century
The new orientation i.e. IE & Systems Engineering is building not only on the foundation of IE/OR but is also taking the concepts from feedback control, computer science and systems engineering etc.

6. Industrial Engineering Organizations
The society of industrial engineers was formed prior to 1920.
AIIE which later became IIE was formed in 1948 – a technical society for industrial engineers which has many university chapters
The Journal of IE (1949) was divided into Industrial Engineering (monthly) and IIE Transactions (quarterly)
Practicing industrial engineers belong to other organizations also.
IIE membership view their professional activities as concerned with broad aspects of total system design

7. Industrial Engineering Education
Industrial engineering is concerned with the design, improvement, and installation of integrated systems of people, materials, information, equipment, and energy. It draws upon specialized knowledge and skill in the mathematical, physical, and social sciences
The basic principles of IE are being applied widely in agriculture, hospitals, banks, government organizations, and so forth
IE was predominantly taught in mechanical engineering departments until the end of World War II
PhDs in industrial engineering go into teaching and positions in industry and government

8. Impact of Related Developments
Impact of Operations Research
Impact of mathematical analysis approach called operations research (e.g. strength, mix and cost of an alloy)
Operations research connects a set of quantitative methods that are applicable to a wide range of managerial and operational problems
Impact of Digital Computers
Rapid and accurate handling of vast amount of data
Managing and controlling large, complex operations
Techniques like simulation and CAD/CAM (e.g. cutting path)
Automatic generation of process plans, bills of material, work schedules etc
Computer networks make all computers talk to each other – CIM
Emergence of Service Industries
Hospitals, clinics – eliminate wastes, schedule activities
Government organizations – increase efficiency, reduce paperwork, project management

9. Relationship of to Other Engineering Disciplines

10. Challenges of the Future
Learn to accomplish their mission in recognition of the constraints – oil, other natural resources etc
Design systems compatible with the natural environment – wastes
Design products that are safe and reliable – quality control
Improve productivity – US markets in comparison to other countries
In short, engineers will be expected to design systems that optimally utilize resources for the satisfaction of human needs (definition)