1. PX269 Galaxies Part 4: Galactic nuclei 4.1 Active galaxies

2. Seyfert galaxies NGC 5548 (Seyfert galaxy)NGC 3277 (normal galaxy)

3. PX269 Galaxies Typical galaxy spectrum (optical)

4. PX269 Galaxies Optical spectra of Seyfert nuclei Type 1(broad allowed lines) Type 2 (narrow lines)

5. XMM-Newton X-ray telescope

6. X-ray spectra of active galaxies Type 1 Type 2

7. PX269 Galaxies Broadband energy spectrum X-rays

8. Rapid Variability

9. PX269 Galaxies

10. 76m Lovell Radio Telescope

11. Combined optical and radio images of Cen A

13. Radio image of Cygnus A (a radio galaxy)

14. Optical jet in M87 a nearby gE galaxy HST

15. HST image of the quasar 3C 273

16. X-ray jet from the quasar 3C 273

17. Optical spectra of active galaxies

18. Unified Model

19. PX269 Galaxies Unified Model

20. PX269 Galaxies

22. Crucial evidence supporting unified model Total flux Polarised flux Type 2 spectrum Type 1 spectrum NGC1068

23. PX269 Galaxies Transition between Type 1 and 2 in a single object 1984: Type 2 1974: Type 1

24. PX269 Galaxies Part 4: Galactic nuclei 4.2 Super-massive black holes in normal galaxies

25. PX269 Galaxies Kormendy 1988 Evidence for a super-massive black hole at the nucleus of M31

26. Hubble Space Telescope

27. Very Large Telescope (VLT) European Southern Observatory (ESO) in Chile

28. PX269 Galaxies Schoedel et al 2002, Nature 419, 694

29. PX269 Galaxies Schoedel et al 2002, Nature 419, 694

30. PX269 Galaxies Schoedel et al 2002, Nature 419, 694

31. PX269 Galaxies Schoedel et al 2002, Nature 419, 694

32. PX269 Galaxies The M-Sigma relation Tremaine et al 2002, ApJ 574, 740

33. PX269 Galaxies Kormendy 1988 Evidence for a super-massive black hole at the nucleus of M31