1. Module 1.1: Overview of the Laser Breast Scanner Albert Cerussi Beckman Laser Institute University of California, Irvine

2. NTROI DOS Workshop, 2007 Module 1.1 Module Goal Basic hardware and models used in the Laser Breast Scanner Detail for each step covered in other modules Assumes basic knowledge of diffuse optics

3. NTROI DOS Workshop, 2007 Module 1.1 Outline Overview Diffuse Optical Models LBS Hardware LBS Data acquisition

4. NTROI DOS Workshop, 2007 Module 1.1 Overview tissue spectroscopy uses handheld probe similar to an ultrasound Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy

5. NTROI DOS Workshop, 2007 Module 1.1 tissue spectroscopy uses handheld probe similar to an ultrasound Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy Overview

6. NTROI DOS Workshop, 2007 Module 1.1 Overview tissue spectroscopy uses handheld probe similar to an ultrasound Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy

7. NTROI DOS Workshop, 2007 Module 1.1 Overview tissue spectroscopy uses handheld probe similar to an ultrasound Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy

8. NTROI DOS Workshop, 2007 Module 1.1 Overview tissue spectroscopy uses handheld probe similar to an ultrasound Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy

9. NTROI DOS Workshop, 2007 Module 1.1 Overview tissue spectroscopy uses handheld probe similar to an ultrasound Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy ctHHb(deoxy hemoglobin) ctO 2 Hb(oxy hemoglobin) ctH 2 O(water) bulk lipids

10. NTROI DOS Workshop, 2007 Module 1.1 Overview Y X RIGHT

11. NTROI DOS Workshop, 2007 Module 1.1 LBS Technology/Models Frequency-domain –Modulated laser diodes –Multi-frequency –Single distance –Discrete (6 ) –Absolute optical properties Steady-State –Tungsten-Halogen lamp –Steady-state –Single distance –Broadband (650-1000nm) –Relative optical spectra frequency-domain and steady-state spectroscopies

12. NTROI DOS Workshop, 2007 Module 1.1 DOS Models: FDPM Fishkin, J. B., Fantini, S., Vandeven, M. J. and Gratton, E., "Gigahertz photon density waves in a turbid medium: Theory and experiments," Phys. Rev. E, 53, pp. 2307-19, 1996. P1 Approximation to the Transport Equation: Cerussi, A. and Tromberg, B., "Photon migration spectroscopy: Frequency domain techniques," in Biomedical photonics handbook, Vo-Dinh, T., Ed., 1st ed.: CRC Press, 2003, pp. 22.1-.17. Infinite medium Wave vector Optical diffusion

13. NTROI DOS Workshop, 2007 Module 1.1 DOS Models: FDPM Haskell, R. C., Svaasand, L. O., Tsong-Tseh, T., Ti-Chen, F., Mcadams, M. S. and Tromberg, B. J., "Boundary conditions for the diffusion equation in radiative transfer," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, 11, pp. 2727-41, 1994. Boundary Condition (semi-infinite) Partial current/Extrapolated Boundary condition Effective source depth

14. NTROI DOS Workshop, 2007 Module 1.1 DOS Models: FDPM From the photon density: Photon density amplitude Photon density phase where … Cerussi, A. and Tromberg, B., "Photon migration spectroscopy: Frequency domain techniques," in Biomedical photonics handbook, Vo-Dinh, T., Ed., 1st ed.: CRC Press, 2003, pp. 22.1-.17.

15. NTROI DOS Workshop, 2007 Module 1.1 DOS Models: SS Kienle, A. and Patterson, M. S., "Improved solutions of the steady-state and the time-resolved diffusion equations for reflectance from a semi-infinite turbid medium," J Opt Soc Am A, 14, pp. 246-54, 1997. Reflectance for n=1.4 fluence flux

16. NTROI DOS Workshop, 2007 Module 1.1 LBS Hardware NETWORK ANALYZER SRA BRIDGE RF SWITCH T T T T T T DC SOURCE SPECTROMETER APD LAMP HANDPIECE TISSUE

17. NTROI DOS Workshop, 2007 Module 1.1 LBS Hardware Each method calibrated separately 1.Frequency-domain –unknown source terms (S(  ),  0 (  )) –phantom of known optical properties 2.Steady-state –unknown spectral response –ideal reflector with known spectral response

18. NTROI DOS Workshop, 2007 Module 1.1 LBS Hardware WARNING! It is essential that these calibrations are performed properly. - data quality compromised - data may be useless

19. NTROI DOS Workshop, 2007 Module 1.1 LBS Data Acquisition modulation 50 MHz ~ 1 ms

20. NTROI DOS Workshop, 2007 Module 1.1 LBS Data Acquisition modulation 50 MHz ~ 1 ms 201 frequency sweep 100 MHz

21. NTROI DOS Workshop, 2007 Module 1.1 LBS Data Acquisition modulation 50 MHz ~ 1 ms 100 MHz 201 frequency sweep 50-500 MHz (~ 200 ms)

22. NTROI DOS Workshop, 2007 Module 1.1 LBS Data Acquisition modulation diffusion model

23. NTROI DOS Workshop, 2007 Module 1.1 LBS Data Acquisition modulation diffusion model global fit

24. NTROI DOS Workshop, 2007 Module 1.1 LBS Data Acquisition modulation diffusion model global fit optical properties

25. NTROI DOS Workshop, 2007 Module 1.1 LBS Data Acquisition modulation absorption & scattering diffusion model

26. NTROI DOS Workshop, 2007 Module 1.1 LBS Data Acquisition modulation absorption & scattering diffusion model power law

27. NTROI DOS Workshop, 2007 Module 1.1 LBS Data Acquisition modulation absorption & scattering diffusion model broadband reflectance

28. NTROI DOS Workshop, 2007 Module 1.1 LBS Data Acquisition modulation absorption & scattering diffusion model broadband reflectance scale w FDPM

29. NTROI DOS Workshop, 2007 Module 1.1 LBS Data Acquisition modulation absorption & scattering diffusion model broadband reflectance scale w FDPM

30. NTROI DOS Workshop, 2007 Module 1.1 LBS Data Acquisition modulation absorption & scattering diffusion model broadband reflectance

31. NTROI DOS Workshop, 2007 Module 1.1 LBS Data Acquisition modulation absorption & scattering diffusion model broadband reflectance chromophore fit