1. 1 Commodity and High-Speed Internet Access in American Research Universities Henning Schulzrinne hgs@cs.columbia.edu Dept. of Computer Science, Columbia University Internet2 Fall Member Meeting Atlanta, Georgia November 1, 2000 With material borrowed from Internet2 and Abilene presentations

2. 2 Overview Background on American university “hierarchy’’ Typical local network configuration Regional networks, GigaPOPs Internet2: vBNS, Abilene, … On-going efforts

3. 3 American Education Hierarchy Research I institutions: PhD-granting Large (gov’t funded) research programs Private (Columbia, Harvard, Yale, NYU) or public (UMass, UC) Four-year institutions – generally, do not grant PhDs (but BS, BA)

4. 4 American Education Hierarchy Two-year (“community”) colleges -> butte.cc.ca.us K-12: kindergarten through high-school (“secondary education”) Special category: HBCU = historically black colleges and universities – special programs for research and connectivity

5. 5 2000 Carnegie Foundation ClassificationCarnegie Doctoral/Research Extensive (> 50 Dr./year) Doctoral/Research Intensive (> 10 Dr./year) Master’s Colleges & Universities I, II Baccalaureate Colleges (Liberal Arts, General) Associate’s Colleges Specialized (Theological, medical, E&T, business, art/music/design, law, teachers)

6. 6 US Universities & Colleges ClassificationPublicTotal% D/R Ext.1021513.8% D/R Int.641102.8% MS I24949612.6% MS II231152.9% BS Lib. Arts262285.8% BS General503218.1% BS/Assoc.15571.4% Assoc.1,0251,66942.3% Specialized7979420.2% Total1,6433,941100.0%

7. 7 US Colleges and Universities

8. 8 Research I Networking Originally, all connected to ARPAnet and NSFnet Still partially subsidized by NSF, but for high-speed connectivity only Commodity Internet paid for by normal operational funding

9. 9 University Network Typically, 10-100 Mb/s switched in newer installations Possibly per-jack maintenance $ Student fees for computing

10. 10 Example: Columbia University Network 1000Fx

11. 11 University Network Connection Each university chooses independently (except for state systems) Regional network Internet2 Internet OC3-OC12nOC1-T3-OC3 e.g., NYSERnet e.g., Applied Theory Via GigaPOP

12. 12 University Network Connectivity Policies differ Automatic routing via commodity or Internet2 Some, only selected labs or hosts 1 brooklyn (128.59.16.64) 1 ms 1 ms 1 ms 2 mudd-edge-1.net.columbia.edu (128.59.16.1) 2 ms nyser-gw.net.columbia.edu (128.59.1.4) 1 ms 1 ms 3 nn2k-gw.net.columbia.edu (128.59.1.6) 1 ms 1 ms 1 ms 4 199.109.5.6 (199.109.5.6) 2 ms 2 ms 1 ms 5 199.109.5.2 (199.109.5.2) 2 ms 2 ms 2 ms 6 wash-nycm.abilene.ucaid.edu (198.32.8.45) 7 ms 7 ms 6 ms 7 vbns-abilene.abilene.ucaid.edu (198.32.11.10) 9 ms 9 ms 9 ms 8 jn1-so7-0-0-1.wor.vbns.net (204.147.136.137) 9 ms 10 ms 9 ms 9 jn1-at1-0-0-17.cht.vbns.net (204.147.132.130) 14 ms 13 ms 13 ms 10 border1-rt-at6-0-0.gw.umass.edu (128.119.3.129) 28 ms 21 ms 22 ms 11 cs-gw-ext-i2.cs.umass.edu (128.119.3.146) 24 ms 22 ms 23 ms 12 kernighan.cs.umass.edu (128.119.240.46) 25 ms 28 ms 24 ms

13. 13 Example: NYSERnet

14. 14 University Challenges Universal connectivity: Ethernet in every dorm room and lecture hall Wireless networks (802.11b) VoIP Multimedia conferencing Napster

15. www.internet2.edu

16. 16 Internet2 “Internet2 is a consortium being led by over 180 universities working in partnership with industry and government to develop and deploy advanced network applications and technologies, accelerating the creation of tomorrow's Internet. Internet2 is recreating the partnership among academia, industry and government that fostered today´s Internet in its infancy. The primary goals of Internet2 are to: Create a leading edge network capability for the national research community Enable revolutionary Internet applications Ensure the rapid transfer of new network services and applications to the broader Internet community.

17. 17 Internet2 Universities 184 Universities as of February 2001

18. 18 Internet2 Partnerships Internet2 universities are recreating the partnerships that fostered the Internet in its infancy Industry Government International Participation fee $20,000 per annum

19. 19 Internet2 Corporate Partners 3Com Advanced Network & Services Alcatel Ameritech AT&T Cisco Systems IBM ITC^Deltacom Lucent Technologies Marconi WorldCom Microsoft Newbridge Networks Netcom Systems Nortel Networks Qwest Communications SBC Communications WCI Cable

20. 20 Additional Participation Over 70 Internet2 Corporate Members Over 30 Affiliate Members Over 30 International Partners

21. 21 Internet2 Goals Enable new generation of applications Re-create leading edge R&E network capability Transfer technology and experience to the global production Internet

22. 22 Why Internet2? The Internet was not designed for: Millions of users Congestion Multimedia Real time interaction But, only the Internet can: Accommodate explosive growth Enable convergence of information work, mass media, and human collaboration

23. 23 Internet2 Focus Areas Advanced Network Infrastructure Middleware Engineering Advanced Applications Partnerships

24. 24 Internet2 Backbone Networks GigaPoP One Internet2 Network Architecture GigaPoP Two GigaPoP Four GigaPoP Three

25. 25 Network Architecture Internet2 Interconnect Cloud GigaPoP One Regional Network University C Commercial Internet Connections University B University A

26. 26 Internet2 GigaPoPs 27 as of January 2001

27. 27 Internet2 Backbone Networks Donna Cox, Robert Patterson, NCSA

28. 28 Advanced Applications Distributed computation Virtual laboratories Digital libraries Distributed learning Digital video Tele-immersion All of the above in combination

29. 29 Virtual Laboratories Real-time access to remote instruments University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center 3-D Brain Mapping

30. 30 Virtual Laboratories Real-time access to remote instruments University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill Distributed nanoManipulator

31. 31 Virtual Laboratories Mauna Kea Observatories AURA University of Hawaii

32. 32 Virtual Laboratories Space Physics & Aeronomy Research Collaboratory (SPARC) University of Michigan NSF

33. 33 Tele-immersion Shared virtual reality University of Illinois at Chicago Virtual Temporal Bone Images courtesy Univ. of Illinois- Chicago

34. 34 Tele-cubicles and the CAVE Source: University of Illinois-Chicago

35. 35 National Networks Internet2 Backbone Networks vBNS Abilene Federal Backbone Networks DREN ESnet NREN SuperNet …

36. 36 Abilene – October, 2000 Inflection point in network development OC-48c (2.5 Gb/s) IP-over-SONET backbone 53 current and pending connections in 32 states  Second OC-48c connection: SoX 175 participants in 47 states and D.C. Ongoing strong partnership  Cisco, Nortel, Qwest, Indiana Univ., ITECs (NC and OH) Increasing backbone utilization Characteristic exponential growth O(OC-12c) peak utilization on some links Traffic doubling time: 7 months

37. 37 Seattle Kansas City Denver Cleveland New York Atlanta Houston Abilene Core – autumn 2000 Sacramento Los Angeles Denver Indianapolis Washington

38. 38 Abilene Weather Map

39. 39 Abilene annual connection fees PreviousNew OC-3c$110,000($110,000) SONET & ATM OC-12c$320,000$270,000 SONET $280,000 ATM/1 PVC & 1 BGP peering $290,000 ATM OC-48c$495,000$430,000 SONET

40. 40 Summary Universities and state university systems are largely independent But mostly cluster into regional networks (from NSFnet days) and Internet2 vBNS (1995-2000) -> Abilene, …