1. Humanistic psychology

2. It is known as the third force The first force: Freudian determinism: your behavior is determined by the unconscious The first force: Freudian determinism: your behavior is determined by the unconscious The second force: behaviorism: your behavior is determined by the environment The second force: behaviorism: your behavior is determined by the environment The third force: embraces human freedom, and forces of self-actualization --includes both humanism and existentialism, and transpersonal psychology The third force: embraces human freedom, and forces of self-actualization --includes both humanism and existentialism, and transpersonal psychology

3. Humanistic Psychology Founders Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) Abraham Maslow Abraham Maslow Carl Rogers (1902-1987) Carl Rogers (1902-1987) Carl Rogers Carl Rogers

4. Abraham Maslow Main Points Emphasis on the healthy individual, on what the person can become. Emphasis on the healthy individual, on what the person can become. Hierarchy of needs: Hierarchy of needs: deficit needs: physiological, safety, belonging, esteem deficit needs: physiological, safety, belonging, esteem Being needs (in self-actualizing person) truth, goodness, beauty, unity, wholeness, and transcendence of opposites, aliveness, uniqueness, perfection and necessity, completion, justice and order, simplicity, richness, effortlessness, playfulness, self-sufficiency, meaningfulness. Being needs (in self-actualizing person) truth, goodness, beauty, unity, wholeness, and transcendence of opposites, aliveness, uniqueness, perfection and necessity, completion, justice and order, simplicity, richness, effortlessness, playfulness, self-sufficiency, meaningfulness.

5. Carl Rogers’ Main Points Self-actualizing tendency present in all Self-actualizing tendency present in all The importance of unconditional positive regard The importance of unconditional positive regard The presence of conditional positive regard in society and in ourselves causes us to develop an ideal self The presence of conditional positive regard in society and in ourselves causes us to develop an ideal self The incongruity between our ideal self and our real self makes us sick The incongruity between our ideal self and our real self makes us sick Encountering unconditional positive regard (as in client-centered therapy) is healing. Encountering unconditional positive regard (as in client-centered therapy) is healing.

6. A Fourth Force? Toward the end of his life, Maslow started a “fourth force”: transpersonal psychology (a holistic approach to psychology, including the spiritual and body-mind processes). Toward the end of his life, Maslow started a “fourth force”: transpersonal psychology (a holistic approach to psychology, including the spiritual and body-mind processes). A writer-thinker in this holistic movement (which goes beyond psychology) is Ken Wilber. Q: should we consider Ken Wilber a Francis Galton of sorts? A writer-thinker in this holistic movement (which goes beyond psychology) is Ken Wilber. Q: should we consider Ken Wilber a Francis Galton of sorts?Ken Wilber.Ken Wilber.

7. Existential Psychology Stresses the importance of choice, even though we may be “thrown” in a particular situation. Freedom is a central concept. Stresses the importance of choice, even though we may be “thrown” in a particular situation. Freedom is a central concept. Humans are the only creatures who know that they will die. Humans are the only creatures who know that they will die. Authenticity is a central value. Authenticity is a central value.

8. Existential Psychology: some names Erich Fromm, 1900-1980 Erich Fromm, 1900-1980 Erich Fromm, 1900-1980 Erich Fromm, 1900-1980 Rollo May, 1909-1994 Rollo May, 1909-1994 Rollo May Rollo May R.D. Laing, 1927-1989 R.D. Laing, 1927-1989 R.D. Laing R.D. Laing Viktor Frankl, 1905-1997 The Viktor Frankl Institut Viktor Frankl, 1905-1997 The Viktor Frankl Institut Viktor FranklThe Viktor Frankl Institut Viktor FranklThe Viktor Frankl Institut

9. Explore Humanistic Psychology Today Humanistic Psychology TodayHumanistic Psychology Today Explore the associations’ webpages Explore the associations’ webpages How would you describe that general approach? How would you describe that general approach? How would you differentiate: How would you differentiate: Humanistic psychology Humanistic psychology Existential psychology Existential psychology Transpersonal psychology Transpersonal psychology

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