1. CIS105 Chapter 1 Theory Review

2. Page 2 Hardware and Software are the two major components o any computer system Hardware is the set of physical devices associated with a computer Software is a set of computer instructions that tell the hardware what to do.

3. Page 2 Data Items enter the computer system through input devices including keyboards and mice. The central processing (CPU) performs tasks like math, organization, and accuracy checking.

4. Page 3 Computer instructions are written in a computer programming languages like Visual Basic, C#, C++, or Java. Syntax is the rules of the language.

5. Page 3 The program instructions are stored in the computer’s internal RAM memory which is internal and temporary. A compiler or a interpreter is used to translate a programming language to binary language (machine language) of 0s and 1s. The programming instructions are called source code and the translated code is called object code

6. Page 4 When you decide on the correct instructions for a program, you are developing the program’s logic.

7. Page 5 The instruction myAnswer = myNumber * 2 is an example of a processing operation.

8. Page 6 Modern computer programs have been written since the 1940’s.

9. Page 8 Object-Oriented Programming Steps include – Analyzing the system – Designing the system – Writing the program Black Box Tests – Provide input and determine valid output without looking at the how the program works internally.

10. Page 9 Data modeling involves identifying at least three components of a systems: – Data entity types – Data attributes – Relationships

11. Page 10 Writing the program includes – Developing the logic of the program – Coding the Program – Using software to translate the program code into machine language – Testing the Program

12. Page 10-11 Two common planning tools – Flowcharts – Pseudocode Some experienced programmers can successfully combine the planning and coding of the program in one step.

13. Page 12 Machine language consists of 0s and 1s A syntax error is a misuse of a languages grammar rules

14. Page 14 Conversion includes the entire set of actions an organization must take to switch over to suing a new program or set of programs an can sometimes take months or years to accomplish.

15. Page 15 Maintenance is necessary because the format of some input data changes—for example – Telephone area codes – Zipcodes – Wage and tax standards

16. Page 15 Flowchart is a pictorial representations of the logical steps it takes to solve a problem.

17. Page 17 Input symbols and Output symbols are represented by parallelograms. Processing symbols are represented by rectangles. Terminal symbols are represented by lozenges. Decision symbols are represented by diamonds. Flowlines are arrows used to connect the steps.

18. Page 22 IDE (Integrated Development Environment) – Highlights syntax errors visually