1. Coach Lyons U.S. History

2.  this was the name FDR gave to his new program to fight the Depression  it was a revolution in American society - changed completely the way the gov't functions  the first phase of the New Deal dealt exclusively w/ eco. reform - unlike Hoover, FDR believed gov't legislation/involvement was crucial to stimulate the economy  step 1 - dealt w/ the banking crisis - BANKING HOLIDAY- banks shut down and subject to gov't inspection, allowed to open when "healthy"- people's confidence returned  they redeposited, allowing banks to invest in the economy

3.  step 2 - stock market reform- Security Exchange Commission est. to police the NYSE (first chmn. was Joseph P. Kennedy)- practice of buying on margin was regulated  step 3 - to put more $ in circulation, FDR went off the GOLD STANDARD (gov't could print more $ than Fort Knox gold reserves would allow)- w/ more $ in circulation, wages and prices increased (= inflation), causing dollar value to lower- gave gov't spending power (Keynesian economics)

4.  NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL RECOVERY ACT (NIRA) and NATIONAL RECOVERY ADMIN (NRA) were established to end animosity b/n labour and business  all was redirected to industrial growth  fair labour codes established - wages, no child labour, shortened work hours- business people challenged the NRA, claiming it was communist  they formed the LIBERTY LEAGUE - at LL's urging, the Supreme Ct. overturned the NIRA & NRA, claiming that fed. gov't was exceeding its authority (by interfering in state jurisdiction)

5.  TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY (TVA) - used to promote hydroelectric power, control flooding - lower rates  private industry, manuf. fertilizer  fed. gov't. took ownership ( nationalization v. privatization )

8.  Kansas City from Politics, Farming, & the Law  Thomas Hart Benton, 1936

9. The Annual Move by Otis Dozier, 1936

10. Construction of the Dam by William Gropper

11.  Roosevelt’s Brain Trust: College Professor’s, Experts in various fields,  Roosevelt’s Black Cabinet:  William H. Hastie, Robert C. Weaver,Mary McCleod Bethune

12.  AGRUCULTURAL ADJUSTMENT ACT (AAA) - passed in 1933 to aid farmers- its objective was to restore farmers' purchasing power and to restore the family farm - AAA had farmers cut back on crop production by paying them equivalent SUBSIDIES (paid not to produce) - bad side:  1) food production down when millions were starving  2) Black sharecroppers were hurt: white landowners paid not to farm so they got rid of Black tenant formers  in 1935, AAA was declared unconstitutional by courts (too much control over individual states), so it was revised and introduced as new legislation  EX: Food Stamp Act of 1939 - gave away surplus food to poor, also guaranteed (small) farmers a market

13.  UNEMPLOYMENT - still a major problem  FDR like Hoover was wary of gov't handouts - he wanted people to earn their keep so gov't agencies were created - temporarily - to address the unemp. problem  CIVILIAN CONSERVATION CORPS (CCC) - in 1933 - set to establish work for young men (18-25) in areas of reforestation, soil conservation, flood control, road construction - also took them out of urban labour markets - but Blacks not permitted to enroll

14.  other agencies had specific mandates too...NATIONAL YOUTH ADMIN. (NYA) - created jobs for young in urban areas  FED. EMERGENCY RELIEF ACT (FERA) - aimed at older workers- these and other similar agencies worked well, but unemp. was still at 6 million in 1941(solution for this would be the ind. boom of WW2)  NEW DEAL - SOCIAL REFORM ASPECT- after 1935, w/ immediate economic relief & reform addressed, New Deal turned to Social Welfare - more legislation...  National Labour Relations Act (aka Wagner Act)- it legitimized unions and labour tactics such as collective bargaining & collective action (strikes, etc...) - it outlawed BLACKLISTS & other anti-union practices

15.  Social Security Act (1935)- feared by opponents as " creeping socialism "- this act typifies the WELFARE STATE - unemployment insurance, old age pensions  Problem: it took some $ out of circulation (payroll deductions) at a time when purchasing power was already low- also, it only covered the unemployed  1936 - "Soak The Rich" tax

16.  ELECTION OF 1936 - FDR won easily (v Repub. Alf Landon - Kansas governor)  this victory gave FDR a mandate to continue his New Deal policies  first objective: to reorganize the Supreme Court - they disallowed some New Deal legislation  FDR wants # of judges changed from 9  15 (to " pack the court ") - great opposition, so FDR w/drew this proposal  but judges retired & FDR got to appoint new ones  they approved all New Deal legislation

17.  the late 1930's – new Qs arose…  FDR concerned w/ int'l issues  in 1939 he proposed no new major domestic reform measures (1st time in his pres.)  ELECTION OF 1940 - FDR broke with tradition & ran a 3rd time  FDR v. Wendell Wilkie - the big issue here was American support of the Allies (G.B.), now embroiled in WWII v. Nazi Ger.  both U.S. pol. parties wanted to support G.B. but to remain neutral - in fact a CONSENSUS had developed b/n the Dems. and Repubs.  both parties approved of (most) New Deal legislation & wanted an isolationist foreign policy- FDR won in 1940 (and again in 1944)

18.  a 3rd revolution in American culture and politics- more gov't involvement but w/in the context of traditional U.S. democracy (not socialist…)  New Deal helped in stimulating the U.S. economy, but only WWII would solve any lingering problems  unemployed found jobs in munitions factories and the military as the U.S. became the ARSENAL OF DEMOCRACY  New Deal saw expansion of U.S. gov't in : 1) eco. - constant gov't intervention/deficit spending 2) social reform - welfare state - after this pt the U.S. gov't was expected to play a role in any economic crisis  so FDR fundamentally reformed (not transformed) American society…

19. The Americans

20. Established the FDIC To restore public confidence in banks Required corporations to provide complete information on all stock offerings To restore public confidence in the stock market 1. Emergency Banking Relief Act 3. Federal Securities Act 2. Glass-Steagall Banking Act Business Assistance and Reform 4. National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) Set prices, established labor standards To ensure fair business practices and to promote industrial growth

21. Built and repaired dams and other projects in the Tennessee Valley To create prosperity in the impoverished Tennessee Valley Put young men to work on road building and conservation projects To reduce unemployment 5. Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) 7. Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) 6. Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) Farm Relief and Rural Development 8. Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) Provided direct relief for the needy To provide for the basic needs of the people hit hardest by the Depression Paid farmers to lower production To raise crop prices and restore farm income Employment Projects 9. Public Works Administration (PWA) Provided money to states to create jobs To reduce unemployment 10. Civil Works Administration (CWA) Provided 4 million immediate jobs To reduce unemployment

22. 11. Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC) Housing Provided government loans to homeowners who faced foreclosure To help families keep their homes Explain who Huey Long was and why he is a significant historical figure. Huey Long as a spokesman for the poor; a governor of Louisiana and later it’s U.S. Senator; and early supporter of the New Deal who turned against Roosevelt. His Share the Wealth proposal was extremely popular nationwide. He was assassinated in 1935 at the height of his popularity.

23. Soil depletion, inability to buy land, squalid housing, dust storms, debt, foreclosures, lack of electricity Soil Conservation and domestic Allotment Act, Resettlement Act, Farm Security Administration, Rural Electrification, Administration Poverty, Unemployment, hopelessness, loss of dignity, lack of spending money Works Progress Administration, National Youth Administration Poverty, Unemployment, hopelessness, loss of dignity, lack of spending money Works Progress Administration Poverty, Unemployment, hopelessness, loss of dignity, lack of spending money Works Progress Administration, National Youth Administration, Wagner Act, Fair Labor Standards Act Poverty, Unemployment, hopelessness, loss of dignity, lack of spending money Social Security Act Poverty, Unemployment, hopelessness, loss of dignity, lack of spending money Social Security Act She traveled the country to observe the conditions; helped shape New Deal policies; prodded her husband to appoint women to governmental positions; was a great advocate for the people. Soil depletion, inability to buy land, squalid housing, dust storms, debt, foreclosures, lack of electricity Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act, Resettlement Act, Farm Security Administration, Rural Electrification Administration Poverty, Unemployment, hopelessness, loss of dignity, lack of spending money Works Progress Administration, National Youth Administration Poverty, Unemployment, hopelessness, loss of dignity, lack of spending money Works Progress Administration Poverty, Unemployment, hopelessness, loss of dignity, lack of spending money Works Progress Administration, National Youth Administration, Wagner Act, Fair Labor Standards Act Poverty, Unemployment, hopelessness, loss of dignity, lack of spending money Social Security Act Poverty, Unemployment, hopelessness, loss of dignity, lack of spending money Social Security Act She traveled the country to observe the conditions; helped shape New Deal policies; prodded her husband to appoint women to governmental positions; was a great advocate for the people. Federal Writers Project

24. Frances Perkins – Sec. of Labor Women appointed to important federal positions, slight increase in the number of women working outside the home. Discrimination in the workplace; discriminatory wages; discriminatory hiring practices. Mary McLeod Bethune; William H. Hastie; Robert C. Weaver Increased political voice through greater access to the president; organizations created for tenant farmers. Segregation; racial violence; discrimination in all areas of life. Congress of Industrial Organization Better working conditions; increased bargaining power; dramatic increase in union membership. Strike violence; big business opposition to labor unions. Southern whites; various urban groups; immigrants; various religious and ethnic groups New Deal labor laws and work-relief programs aided many of them; Roosevelt made a direct and persuasive appeals to them; Roosevelt appointed many officials of urban-immigrant backgrounds. Collier was commissioner of Indian Affairs and a strong advocate of Native American rights; he helped to create the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934, which restored some reservation lands to tribal ownership.

25. Film Clark Gable, Vivien Leigh, (Margaret Mitchell) Life among Southern during the Civil War Life among South during the Civil War Film Created by: Frank Capra Honest, kindhearted people winning out over greedy special interests. Radio drama or book Orson Welles Martian invasion of Earth Play Clifford Odets Labor struggles of the 1930’s Novel (book) Richard Wright Difficulties faced by a young man trying to survive in a racist world. Novel (book) John Steinbeck Difficulties of Oklahomans who leave the Dust Bowl for California Play Thorton Wilder Warmth and beauty of small-town life in New England. Painting Grant Wood Two stern faced-faced farmers; rural life during the Depression

26. Wagner Act; Fair Labor Standards Act; National Labor Relations Board Standards for wages and hours; ban on child labor; rights to organize and bargain collectively; government mediation on labor disputes. Agricultural Adjustment Acts, Soil Conservation Service Aid to farmers, farm price supports, taught contour plowing, terracing, crop rotation Securities and Exchange Commission; Glass-Steagall Banking Act; Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Monitoring of the stock market; federal enforcement of laws regarding the sale of stocks and bonds; insurance on bank accounts Civilian Conservation Corps; Soil Conservation Service; Taylor Grazing Act; Tennessee Valley Authority Federal government's acceptance of some responsibility for the social welfare or it’s citizens; old-age insurance program; unemployment compensation system; programs to aid families with dependent children and the disabled. Social Security Act Programs protecting the nation’s natural resources, including farmland; prevention of floods and dust storms; more national parks and wildlife refugees; pollution.