1. Mass Communication1 期末考 期末考週的上課時間 (01/16) 題型與期中考相同 可帶字典與筆記 考試時間 2:00 – 4:00 pm

2. Mass Communication2 Focus Questions 1.How do media shape our thinking? 2.To what extent is news constructed, or created? 3.Does mass communication foster a global village? 4.What is the mean world syndrome? 5.How can you develop media literacy?

3. Mass Communication3 Questions (1 of 2) In an average week, what is the chance that you will be involved in some form of violence? A. One in 100 B. Ten in 100 C. Twenty-five in 100 D. One in 200

4. Mass Communication4 Questions (2 of 2) What percentage of crimes in the U.S. are violent crimes such as murder, rape, robbery, and assault? A. 75% B. 50% C. 25% D. 10%

5. Mass Communication5 Answers to Two above questions …(D: p. 328) Understanding Mass Communication Media and Information Media and Entertainment Media vs. Perception Media History Marshall McLuhan: “… the dominant media at any given time in a society strongly shape both individual and collective life.” Four distinct eras

6. Mass Communication6 Four Eras by Media The Tribal Epoch (Talking – Hearing) Face to face oral communication The Literate Epoch (Alphabet – Sight) Symbols in written form; requires less memory; sight supplants hearing Linear communication; sequential logic The Print Epoch (Book – Sight) Inaugurating industrial revolution (McLuhan, 1962) Mass-produced writing: Homogeneity vs. Fragmented communities The Electronic Epoch (Telegraph – Hearing & Sight) Increased contact via electronic media – “Global Village” Isolated people vs. Personal interaction

7. Mass Communication7 Your Era?

8. Mass Communication8 Functions and Effects Gratification Uses and gratification theory People control & select to gratify themselves (active agent) Agenda Setting Gatekeeper (Lewin, 1947) Spotlighting (select and call to public attention) Cultivation Cultivation theory: Cumulative process Violence, Stereotypes Mainstreaming & Resonance Supporting Dominant Social System Prevailing power relations, perspectives, ideology

9. Mass Communication9 Challenges for Interacting with Mass Communication Develop Media Literacy Realistically assess media’s influence Become aware of patterns in media Actively interrogate media messages (pp. 343- 344: 5 checking questions) Expose yourself to a range of media sources Focus on your motivations for engaging media Respond Actively Assume an active role (resist and redefine the messages of mass media)

10. Mass Communication10 本學期課程結束！ 預祝 新年快樂 ! 紅包滿滿 ! 旅途愉快 !