1. SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 1 SLHC and CMS LHC Upgrades Dan Green US CMS Program Manager Fermilab October 6, 2004

2. SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 2 Outline SLHC – Upgrades and “Reach ” CMS and US CMS Collaborations

3. SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 3 LHC Detector Innovations LHC challenges have led to dramatic detector progress LA – “accordion” for high speed operation PbWO4 – fast crystal calorimetry, radiation resistant. Muon Toroids – precision momentum over an enormous volume. All silicon tracking – 200 m 2 Silicon pixels at p-p colliders for b tagging. DSM electronics – radiation hard Optical data transfers – fast, hermetic.

4. SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 4 Evolution of LHC luminosity Install upgrade here When do you upgrade the LHC and expts?

5. SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 5 Mass Reach vs L - SLHC In general mass reach is increased by ~ 1.5 TeV for Z’, heavy SUSY squarks or gluinos or extra dimension mass scales. A ~ 20% measurement of the HHH coupling is possible for Higgs masses < 200 GeV. However, to realize these improvements we need to maintain the capabilities of the LHC detectors. VLHC LHC Tevatron At 10 32 reach is already 2 TeV

6. SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 6 Kinematics Heavy States decay at wide angles. For example Z’ of 1 and 5 TeV decaying into light pairs. Therefore, for these states we will concentrate on wide angle detectors. 1 TeV 5 TeV barrel y barrel

7. SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 7 Higgs Self Coupling Baur, Plehn, Rainwater HH  W + W - W + W -   jj  jj Find the Higgs? If the H mass is known, then the SM H potential is completely known  HH prediction. If H is found, measure self- couplings, but ultimately SLHC is needed. The plan is for 10x increase in luminosity ~ 2013. Given the needed R&D time, work on the new detectors needed for the SLHC must start very soon.

8. SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 8 Detector Environment LHC SLHC  s 14 TeV 14 TeV L 10 34 10 35 100 1000 Bunch spacing dt 25 ns 12.5 ns N( interactions/x-ing) ~ 12 ~ 62 dN ch /d  per x-ing ~ 75 ~ 375 Tracker occupancy 1 5 Pile-up noise 1 ~2.2 Dose central region 1 10 Bunch spacing reduced 2x. Interactions/crossing increased 5 x. Pileup noise increased by 2.2x if crossings are time resolvable. Tenfold L increase comes from dt,  *, and p/bunch.

9. SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 9 Heavy Ion Program In heavy ion (HI) runs the particle density is ~ 5000 for Pb-Pb. Good study for detector “headroom” w.r.t. SLHC.

10. SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 10 HI – Tracker Study |  | < 0.7 Efficiency Fakes The CMS tracker has sufficient headroom to operate in the HI environment.

11. SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 11 Tracker – Ionizing Dose The ionizing dose due to charged particles is: The dose depends only on luminosity, r, and exposure time . For example, at r = 20 cm, the dose is ~3 Mrad/yr – ignoring “loopers”, interactions, ….  “naïve” expectation.

12. SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 12 Tracker ID vs. Radius naive 123 Define 3 regions. With 10x increase in L, need a ~ 3x change in radius to preserve an existing technology.

13. SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 13 Crossing ID: CMS HB Pulse Shape 100 GeV electrons. 25ns bins. Average pulse shape, phased +1ns to LHC clock. Bunch ID at 12.5 nsec OK

14. SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 14 HI - Jet Reconstruction Full jet reconstruction in central Pb-Pb collision HIJING, dNch/dy = 5000 Efficiency, purity Measured jet energy Jet energy resolution

15. SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 15 ECAL – Shower Dose The dose in ECAL is ~ due to photon showers and is: In the barrel, SD is ~. In the endcap, SD ~ At r = 1.2 m, for Pb with Ec = 7.4 MeV, the dose at y=0 is 3.3 Mrad/yr, at |y|=1.5 it is 7.8 Mrad/yr.

16. SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 16 HCAL and ECAL Dose Barrel doses are not a problem. For the endcaps a technology change may be needed for 2 < |y| < 3 for the CMS HCAL. Switch to quartz fiber as in HF? naive ecal hcal

17. SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 17 HCAL - Coverage VBF and “tag” jets are important for calorimetry. Reduced forward coverage to compensate for 10x L is not too damaging to “tag jet” efficiency, SD ~ 1/  3 ~ e 3 

18. SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 18 Muons and Shielding There is factor ~ 5 in headroom at design L. With added shielding, dose rates can be kept constant if angular coverage goes from |y|<2.4 to |y|<2. r r z

19. SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 19 L1 Trigger at 10 35 ? Muons are ~ clean. Issue of low momentum muons from b jets. Jets are ~ clean. ECAL jets are mostly “garbage”  need tracker to make big L1 improvements. Rutherford scattering ~ 1/P T 3 at low momentum Simply scale thresholds? Or migrate Tracking into L1 trigger at the SLHC. L = 10 34 L = 10 35  20 GeV40 GeV    57.5 J250540 J*MET113*70170*100

20. SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 20 Summary and Conclusions LHC experiments are designed for discovery at the new energy frontier The detectors are nearing completion and commissioning has begun Discoveries will come early because energy matters. The experiments must be ready on day one. It is not just the quick discovery. With the SLHC the program (new spectroscopy ?) at the energy frontier will span decades.

21. SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 21 The CMS Collaboration 1976 Physicists and Engineers 36 Countries 153 Institutions Slovak Republic CERN France Italy UK Switzerland USA Austria Finland Greece Hungary Belgium Poland Portugal Spain Pakistan Georgia Armenia Ukraine Uzbekistan Cyprus Croatia China, PR Turkey Belarus Estonia India Germany Korea Russia Bulgaria China (Taiwan) Iran Serbia New-Zealand Brazil Ireland 1005 528 443 1976 Member States Non-Member States Total USA Number of Scientists 59 38 153 Member States Total USA 56 Non-Member States Number of Laboratories Associated Institutes Number of Scientists Number of Laboratories 73 10 April, 05 2004/gm http://cmsdoc.cern.ch/pictures/cmsorg/overview.html

22. SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 22 CMS – SC and MB

23. SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 23 US CMS – 38 +1 Groups

24. SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 24 US CMS Groups

25. SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 25 PMP – L2 Managers

26. SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 26 WBS for US CMS WBS 5.- FPIX(NW) WBS 4.- ECAL(UMinn) WBS 1. -EMU(UW)WBS -2.HCAL(UM) WS 6.-CP (UW,FNAL) WBS 3.- Trigger (UW) DAQ(FNAL ) 1. Endcap Muon - Cathode Strip Chambers 2. Hadron Calorimeter - full HB, HOB, HE and HF transducers and readout.-HE scint, HF QP fibers 3.Endcap muon and calorimeter trigger. DAQ filter 4. Electromagnetic Calorimeter - barrel transducers, front end electronics, and laser monitor 5. Forward pixels 6. Common Projects - endcap yoke, barrel cryostat and superconductor 7. Project office 8. Si Tracker – full TOB WBS 8. -Si Trkr(UCSB)

27. SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 27 One Page Summary WBS schedule saturates BA – go as fast as possible. Initial contingency level was 43 %. TPC is capped. Lag in work performed (reporting?) and in actuals (delayed invoicing). Close completed tasks after 1 year.

28. SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 28 HEPAP Survey – Ramp Up CERN – US CMS # = faculty + PD (total interest not FTE)

29. SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 29 CMS - USC 55 CMS - USC 55 13 April 2004 – USC55 Cavern Delivery estimated for 1 June 2004. Can be accommodated in v34.0 leading to ready for crates on 15 Jul 2005. 3 shifts running underground with up to 200 workers Contractors are anxious to finish pt 5 work asap.

30. SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 30 CMS - Experimental Caverns Experiment: UXC55 ready July 04 Service : USC55 ready Jan 04

31. SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 31 CMS – Si Tracker Layer 4&1 Backward All TIB layers completed: L1, L2, L3 and L4 (F/B). Surveyed TIB layers: L1B and L4F/B. Layer 3 Proto: ready for module integration. Layer 4&3 Forward Layer 3 Proto ready

32. SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 32 Dipole Installation Jan., 2004

33. SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 33 US LHC - IR Quad US involved in next generation (SLHC) low  quads

34. SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 34 CMS: 1 st Coil Module at CERN-SX5 World’s largest electro-magnet. 4T field. Calorimetry is inside.

35. SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 35 SX5 and Pit-head Cover cover complete first closing test later this month. SX5 Jura wall removal this summer

36. SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 36 Mass “Reach” and L The number of Z’ detected in leptonic decays is: For, if N = 100 is discovery level then M ~ 5.3 TeV is ~ the mass “reach” in 1 year (M=4 -> 5.3 TeV). The leptons will be sharply limited to low |y| or large angles (“barrel”).

37. SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 37 HI Tracking Match Reconstructed tracks to MC input on a hit by hit basis. (Event sample: dn/dy ~3000 + one 100GeV Jet/Event)  p T /p T < 1% |  | < 0.7

38. SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 38 The Algorithm – HI Tracking Adapted from default p+p reconstruction. Based on Kalman Filter (ORCA_6_3_0) Modifications to the p+p Algorithm: 1)Trajectory Seed Generation Three pixel hit combinations compatible with primary event vertex 2)Trajectory Building Special error assignment to merged hits 3)Trajectory cleaning Allow only one track per trajectory seed 4)Trajectory Smoothing Final fit with split stereo layers Code is currently frozen and prepared for release

39. SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 39 HI, dN/dy ~5000 Charged particle spectra can be reconstructed for p T >1GeV (“loopers” are lost) Lower cutoff possible with reduced field

40. SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 40 Preparing for the Physics Test beam work continues – calibration, low momentum Optical alignment, construction constants – databases Trigger and DAQ studies at low and high luminosity. Initial physics run studies with 10 fb -1 - LHC Symposium. Grid Computing – hierarchical structure, Tier 0 – Tier 1 and Tier 2. Core Computing and Software Data Challenges – incremental, DC04 = 25% bandwidth

41. SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 41 US CMS 387 Members from 38 Institutions US is the single largest national group in CMS. US is distributed widely over universities in CMS. There are 50 distinct groups working on US CMS L2 subsystems.

42. SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 42 US LHC Construction Projects The 531 M$ investment in US LHC construction has been wisely used. The Projects are on schedule (for 2005 ~ completion) and on budget. Next step is to use the time before 2007 to prepare for the physics – commissioning and preops in SX5 – more “slice” tests.