1. Figure 54.0 A terrarium, an example of an ecosystem

2. Figure 54.1 An overview of ecosystem dynamics

3. Figure 54.2 Fungi decomposing a log

4. Figure 54.3 Primary production of different ecosystems

5. Figure 54.4 Regional annual net primary production for Earth

6. Figure 54.5 Vertical distribution of temperature, nutrients, and production in the upper layer of the central North Pacific during summer

7. Figure 54.6 Experiments on nutrient limitations to phytoplankton production in coastal waters of Long Island

8. Table 54.1 Nutrient Enrichment Experiments for Sargasso Sea Samples

9. Figure 54.7 Remote sensing of primary production in oceans

10. Figure 54.8 The experimental eutrophication of a lake

11. Figure 54.9 Nutrient addition experiments in a Hudson Bay salt marsh

12. Figure 54.10 Energy partitioning within a link of the food chain

13. Figure 54.11 An idealized pyramid of net production

14. Figure 54.12 Pyramids of biomass (standing crop)

15. Figure 54.13 A pyramid of numbers

16. Figure 54.14 Food energy available to the human population at different trophic levels

17. Figure 54.15 A general model of nutrient cycling

18. Figure 54.16 The water cycle

19. Figure 54.17 The carbon cycle

20. Figure 54.18 The nitrogen cycle

21. Figure 54.19 The phosphorous cycle

22. Figure 54.20 Review: Generalized scheme for biogeochemical cycles

23. Figure 54.21 Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Concrete dams (left), logged watersheds (right)

24. Figure 54.21c Nutrient cycling in the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: an example of long-term ecological research

25. Figure 54.22 Agricultural impact on soil nutrients

26. Figure 54.23a Distribution of acid precipitation in North America and Europe

27. Figure 54.23b U.S. map profiling pH averages for precipitation in 1999

28. Figure 54.24 We’ve changed our tune

29. Figure 54.25 Biological magnification of DDT in a food chain

30. Figure 54.26 The increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide and average temperatures from 1958 to 2000

31. Figure 54.27a Erosion of Earth’s ozone shield: The ozone hole over the Antarctic

32. Figure 54.27b Erosion of Earth’s ozone shield: Thickness of the ozone layer