1. Final Presentation August 4 th, 2011 Rayburn House Office Building 2325 Marc Christopher Canellas Senior Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering At Wheel Stop: A Review of U.S. Human Space Exploration Policy

2. How has the U.S. achieved human space exploration?

3. The Apollo Theory – 1962 John F. Kennedy ? “We choose to go to the moon.” 7 Years http://img.ibtimes.com/www/data/images/full/2011/05/25/103741-jfk.jpg

4. The Apollo Theory – 1969 http://www.space-images.com/wallpapers/apollo/11-flag1/apollo11_01_1024x768.jpg

5. The Apollo Theory – 1989 ? Space Exploration Initiative (SEI) Space Station Freedom, Moon, and Mars George H.W. Bush 20 to 30 years http://www.thespacereview.com/archive/59a.jpg

6. The Apollo Theory – 1992, 1996 http://www.personal.psu.edu/t3b/Tom'smediafolder/media%20SpCom%20597c%20spring%202002/Clinton%20state%20of%20the%20union%201995.jp http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Artist's_Conception_of_Space_Station_Freedom_-_GPN-2003-00092.jpg/400px-Artist's_Conception_of_Space_Station_Freedom_-_GPN-2003-00092.jpg http://www.astrobio.net/albums/album07/acw.sized.jpg

7. The Apollo Theory – 2004 ? Vision for Space Exploration (VSE) Moon George W. Bush - 2004 16 years

8. The Apollo Theory – 2010 Kennedy Space Center Asteroid Barack Obama http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2727/4524296460_2bf3832e29.jpg http://www.thespacereview.com/article/1616/1

9. Why is human spaceflight important to me?

10. Human Spaceflight Inspiration Advanced R&D Aerospace Industry NASA Economy Defense Sector

11. Human Spaceflight is NASA NASA Mission Statement: “to pioneer the future in space exploration, scientific discovery and aeronautics research.”

12. Inspiration for the Workforce AIAA: When Did You Know?

13. Aerospace and Defense Industry “Federal Government has been the aerospace industry’s biggest customer… NASA is a major purchaser” Supports more than 10 million jobs Leads U.S. economy in net exports Disproportionate boost to economy NASA sets ambitious goals beyond what commercial space projects can undertake http://www.jsf.mil/downloads/down_logo.html Courtesy Moog Inc. http://www.aerospacenews.com/space_pictures/albums/userpics/10001/normal_space.shu ttle.atlantis.sts-115.launch.9-9-2006.06pp2146.cu.gal.jpg

14. Demographic Cliff #fail

15. ? 1989 – Space Exploration Initiative Increase NASA funding from1% to 3% of the Federal Budget 1966 2004 – Vision For Space Exploration Needed increase of $3 billion per year 1968

16. “NASA needs resources and direction” Unrealistic Projections Real Budget

17. Option 1: Decadal Survey (DS) Guide NASA Earth and planetary sciences ‒ No singular spaceflight community exists ‒ Numerous studies have already been done ‒ The Ride Report (1987), Space Exploration Initiative (1989), The Augustine Commission (1990), Vision for Space Exploration (2004), Aldridge Commission Report (2004), Augustine Committee Report (2009), Obama Space Policy (2010), among others http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_2c603sPHh9Q/TN5x_ItB8- I/AAAAAAAAAPU/H_uDwpK9gE8/s1600/eateh+dyd+.jpg

18. Option 2: International Cooperation International involvement in the critical path stabilizes and provides long term direction  Preserve commitments to our international partners http://blog.seattlepi.com/aerospace/files/library/SOFIA_Door_Open.jpg http://www.popsci.com/files/imagecache/article_image_large/articles/International%20Space%20Station%20-%201024x768.jpg

19. International Cooperation Reduces U.S. costs, amplifies money spent  Ex: International Space Station United States International Cooperation $100 billion $143 billion 50% of ESA’s Columbus module 56% of JAXA’s module Roscosmos

20. Recommendation: International Cooperation in the Critical Path Long-term direction  International pressures resist large changes in direction Budget  More efficient use of money  Less change in direction will allow for less wasted money $21 billion dollars wasted in last 20 years on human spaceflight

21. Questions? Thank you to each of the following: Ed Feddeman Fellow WISE Interns Jim Head Dan Hendrickson John Horek Bruce Mahone Tim Mellon Ken Monroe Ian Pryke Frank Slazer Marcia Smith Erica Wissolik Sandy Yeigh