1. MEGALOPOLIS (CHAPTER 4: PART 2)

2. WHERE’S MEGALOPOLIS?

4. 19902000

5. URBAN LANDSCAPES  Major Components: 1. Spatial Interaction 2. Functional Complexity 3. Public Services 4. Accessibility 5. Intensity of Change

6. MAJOR COMPONENTS (CONTINUED)  Spatial Interaction refers to the movement that occurs between places  people, via sidewalks, parking lots, subways  information, via communication lines, wires, terminals  utilities, e.g., sewage, water, electricity, and gas

7. SPATIAL INTERACTION WASHINGTON, D.C.

8. SPATIAL INTERACTION NYC

9. SPATIAL INTERACTION

10. MAJOR COMPONENTS (CONTINUED)  Functional Complexity refers to the land use variations and conflict  related to competition for residential, industrial, commercial, or institutional purposes, or parks and recreational areas.

11. FUNCTIONAL COMPLEXITY

14. MAJOR COMPONENTS (CONTINUED)  Public Services… provide water, sewage, garbage pick-up, etc. also include: police protection, fire protection, public schools, road works, and health care

15. PUBLIC SERVICES

18. MAJOR COMPONENTS (CONTINUED)  Accessibility… is created and maintained as a public service to insure access to the core from the periphery and among places along the periphery. is accomplished via bypasses, beltways, parkways, and limited access expressways.

19. ACCESSIBILITY

20. MAJOR COMPONENTS (CONTINUED)  Intensity of Change Refers to the dynamic nature of the urban landscape  Nothing seems permanent.  Economic ventures, shifts in transportation networks, and developments and declines in residential areas are typical of the continual changes

21. INTENSITY OF CHANGE

22. BOSTON’S “BIG DIG”

23. PATTERNS OF CHANGE  Agriculture  Land prices  Channelized development  Outmigration

24. AGRICULTURAL CHANGE  Vast acreages of field crops have long been replaced by table or specialty crops Dairy products, tomatoes, lettuce, berries, and vegetables High value Perishable Require considerably less land

25. LAND PRICES  Tremendous increase in the cost of land throughout the region  Prices have steadily increased outside the CBD, especially along transportation corridors.  Current residential location trend Smaller lots and subdivisions Outside the city

26. PATTERNS OF CHANGE (CONTINUED)  Channelized Development Growth has occurred along major arterial highways. Development is both commercial and residential.  Outmigration Movement continues away from the center city residential areas. Settlement has extended beyond suburbs to “ruburbs” and “exurbs.” Made possible by mass transit systems and beltways or highways.

27. PROBLEM AREAS  KEY SOURCES Density Accessibility Spread

28. DENSITY

29. PROBLEM AREAS  Density Solid waste disposal Water Air Noise pollution  Accessibility Creates congestion Should we increase the size or efficiency of transportation networks?  Spread Promotes both environmental and social problems.

30. INCREASE SIZE OR IMPROVE EFFICIENCY?

31. MEGALOPOLIS (CHAPTER 4: PART 2)