1. Research Methods in MIS: Experimentation Dr. Deepak Khazanchi Acknowledgment: Some of the information in this presentation is Based on Cooper and Schindler (2000) and Sproull (1996).

2. Variables in Experiments Independent variables Treatment or experimental variable: The independent variable that is manipulated by the researcher so that different groups of subjects receive different kinds or amounts. Dependent variables

3. Advantages of an Experiment? Researcher’s ability to manipulate the independent variable Contamination from extraneous variables can be controlled more efficiently Convenience Cost Replication

4. Disadvantages of Experiments Artificiality of the laboratory Generalization from nonprobability samples Larger budgets needed Restricted to problems of the present or immediate future Ethical limits to manipulation of people

5. Experimentation Process Select relevant variables Specify the treatment levels Control the experimental environment Choose the experimental design Select and assign the subjects Pilot-test, revise, and test Analyze the data

6. Ways to Assign Subjects Random Assignment Matching Assignment Quota matrix

7. Does a Measure Accomplish What it Claims? Internal validity External validity

8. Threats to Internal Validity History Maturation Testing Instrumentation Selection Statistical Regression Experimental Mortality

9. Threats to External Validity The Reactivity of Testing on X Interaction of Selection and X Other Biasing Effects on X Artificial setting of testing Respondents knowledge of testing

10. Experimental Designs Preexperimental designs True experimental designs Field experiments

11. Design Symbols X the introduction of an experimental stimulus to the respondent 0 a measure or observation activity R an indication that sample units have been randomly assigned

12. Preexperimental Designs One-shot case study One-group pretest-posttest design Static group comparison

13. True Experimental Designs Pretest-posttest control group design Posttest-only control group design

14. Operational Extensions of True Designs Completely randomized designs Randomized block design Latin square Factorial design Covariance analysis

15. Field Experiments: Quasi- or Semi-Experiments Non Equivalent Control Group Design Separate Sample Pretest-Posttest Design Group Time Series Design