1. Overview of Memory Atkinson-Shiffrin Model Sensory Signals Sensory Memory Short-Term Memory Long-Term Memory ATTENTION REHEARSAL RETRIEVAL

2. “Types” of Memory Sensory Memory –brief ( < 1 second) –preattentive / parallel processing (very large capacity)

3. Sensory Memory

4. Capacity Describe a simple experiment that could measure the capacity of “memory”

5. Capacity Describe a simple experiment that could measure the capacity of “memory” Briefly present some letters or digits and then ask the subject to report them –Called “whole report”

6. Capacity F S F E G S A U T O C G

7. Capacity “Recall as many letters as you can”

8. Capacity George Sperling - Systematic investigation of memory capacity –Result: subjects accurately recall 3 or 4 items –What can you conclude from this result?

9. Capacity What if subjects forget as they are recalling?

10. Capacity What if subjects forget as they are recalling? How could you modify the experiment to measure the instantaneous capacity, before any forgetting can occur?

11. Capacity Partial Report - briefly present letters or digits and ask subject to report only some of them “Report the letters in the row indicated by the arrow”

12. Capacity U E S B O D W A I B V S

13. Capacity

14. Which Letters?

15. Capacity Partial Report Result: subjects can recall any 3 or 4 letters that are indicated by the arrow !

16. Capacity Partial Report Result: subjects can recall any 3 or 4 letters that are indicated by the arrow ! What does this mean about the capacity of memory?

17. Capacity There is some part of the perception system that stores huge amounts of information…

18. Duration But for how long? How would you design an experiment to measure the duration of this high-capacity memory system?

19. Duration But for how long? How would you design an experiment to measure the duration of this high-capacity memory system? Vary the onset of the probe

20. Duration Partial Report Probe Delay # of letters potentially recalled 500 ms0 msnever 0 4 10

21. Duration Partial Report Delay # of letters potentially recalled Interpretation: 1.Information dwells in a brief storage “buffer” 2.duration of storage lasts about 1/2 of one second 500 ms0 msnever 0 4 10

22. Iconic Memory a brief storage of “raw data” in the visual system

23. Echoic Memory Auditory information is stored in a similar sensory “buffer” –Echoic memory seems to last for several seconds

24. Properties of Sensory Memory 1.Brief (iconic ~500ms; echoic ~2 seconds)

25. Properties of Sensory Memory 1.Brief (iconic ~500ms; echoic ~2 seconds) 2.unlimited capacity

26. Properties of Sensory Memory 1.Brief (iconic ~500ms; echoic ~2 seconds) 2.unlimited capacity 3.pre-attentive

27. Next Time: Short-term memory