1. Abacus: A brief Introduction Chi-Kwong Li

2. History of Chinese Abacus The abacus is called suanpan - the counting tray. It is a calculating tool for performing arithmetic processes. The earliest known written documentation of the Chinese abacus dates to the 2nd century BC. Very efficient suanpan techniques have been developed to do addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, square root and cubic root operations.square root cubic root In the famous long scroll Along the River During theAlong the River During the Qingming Festival Qingming Festival by Zhang Zeduan (1085 –1145 AD) during the Song Dynasty (960–1297 AD), an abacus (suanpan) is clearly seen.

3. A demonstration and some discussion A demonstrationA demonstration. Illustrations of: grouping in addition; decomposing higher digits for subtraction; operating from the leftmost digits; arithmetic of numbers in different bases, etc. A discussion of finding square roots. A Youtube clipA Youtube clip.