1. Citing Sources Or, Scholarship as Conversation

2. Cite properly to … … acknowledge your debt to scholars who have come before you.

3. Cite properly to … … promote history scholarship by conversing about sources, methods, issues and topics.

4. Cite properly to … … help the reader distinguish your ideas and conclusions from ones that are not yours.

5. Cite properly to … … give the reader a trail to follow to check the accuracy of your quotations, and the totality of the sources you used to develop your thesis.

6. Cite properly to … … avoid plagiarism*. Plagiarism is a form of dishonesty in academic work, whether done inadvertently or consciously. (It’s in the Knox Honor Code!) *Plagiarism is the act of using someone else’s ideas, concepts, words, images, music, etc. as if they were your own, without giving proper credit; it is intellectual theft.

7. What to cite Direct quotations Ideas and concepts of others that you paraphrase Images, music notation, etc: All other intellectual property that isn’t yours!

8. What not to cite Commonly accepted facts. Examples: President James Garfield was assassinated by Charles Guiteau in 1881. Knox College was founded in 1837. John Brown was an abolitionist.

9. Quick exercise!

10. For more about citing sources: Jules R. Benjamin. A Student’s Guide to History, 10 th ed. (p. 115-18, 127-31). REF D16.3 B4 2007 Anthony Brundage. Going to the Sources: A Guide to Historical Research and Writing, 3 rd ed. (p. 80-83). REF D16.B893 2002 Conal Furay and Michael Salevouris. The Methods and Skills of History: A Practical Guide (p. 193-97). On Reserve D21.F947 2000 Richard Marius and Melvin E. Page. A Short Guide to Writing About History (p. 175-82). Main Stacks D13.M294 2002 Mary Lynn Rampolla. A Pocket Guide to Writing in History, 4 th ed. (p. 70-84). Main Stacks D13.R295 2004

11. Thank You! Laurie Sauer lsauer@knox.edu X7788 Acknowledgement: Images, except for the image of Old Main, are from the HarpWeek (Harper’s Weekly) database.