1. Virtual Laboratory for the dissemination of energy management systems: The case of the metropolitan transport system A. Escolà, F. Babot, A. Dòria-Cerezo, R. Costa-Castelló Virtual Laboratory for the dissemination of energy management systems: A. Escolà, F. Babot, A. Dòria-Cerezo, R. Costa-Castelló The case of the metropolitan transport systemIOC- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya 14th IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation Palma de Mallorca, September 22-26,2009 1 Institut d’Organització i Control de Sistemes Industrials Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya

2. Virtual Laboratory for the dissemination of energy management systems: A. Escolà, F. Babot, A. Dòria-Cerezo, R. Costa-Castelló The case of the metropolitan transport systemIOC- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya 14th IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation Palma de Mallorca, September 22-26,2009 2 Outline Introduction The metropolitan railway transport system Temporary energy storage elements System modelling Train Temporary energy storage elements Chopper Substations The virtual laboratory Virtual laboratory main window Speed profile editor Energy storage element window Output graphics Proposed exercises Conclusions

3. Virtual Laboratory for the dissemination of energy management systems: A. Escolà, F. Babot, A. Dòria-Cerezo, R. Costa-Castelló The case of the metropolitan transport systemIOC- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya 14th IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation Palma de Mallorca, September 22-26,2009 3 Introduction The increase in industrial activity, and the improvement of population living standards makes that the European Union (EU) increases year by year its energy consumption. Different strategies are developed to search for alternative energies and to rationalize and optimize the energy consumption. Temporary energy storage elements can be applied to manage the energy consumption of several systems, such as a metropolitan railway transport system.

4. Virtual Laboratory for the dissemination of energy management systems: A. Escolà, F. Babot, A. Dòria-Cerezo, R. Costa-Castelló The case of the metropolitan transport systemIOC- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya 14th IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation Palma de Mallorca, September 22-26,2009 4 Introduction In order to disseminate the existing problems in key generation, processing and energy management virtual laboratories (VL) can serve as platforms for testing and learning different systems and concepts related with them. Virtual laboratories: allow students to construct their own mental model are cheaper than the hands-on laboratories allow to compare different scenarios and configurations

5. Virtual Laboratory for the dissemination of energy management systems: A. Escolà, F. Babot, A. Dòria-Cerezo, R. Costa-Castelló The case of the metropolitan transport systemIOC- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya 14th IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation Palma de Mallorca, September 22-26,2009 5 The metropolitan railway transport system The energy consumption is not uniform (different and noncoordinate speed profiles). Substations cannot absorve energy. Considerable distance between subststations makes that the voltage decays in the catenary due to its impedace. The electrical energy is usually in a DC form. The use of energy storage elements allows to reduce energy losses and to improve the energy quality.

6. Virtual Laboratory for the dissemination of energy management systems: A. Escolà, F. Babot, A. Dòria-Cerezo, R. Costa-Castelló The case of the metropolitan transport systemIOC- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya 14th IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation Palma de Mallorca, September 22-26,2009 6 The metropolitan railway transport system Temporary energy storage elements Batteries The most common device for storing electrical energy. Main drawbacks: low density of energy, limited absorption capabilities and low “life expectancy”. Alternative technologies are being introduced, such as... Flywheel Ultracapacitor

7. Virtual Laboratory for the dissemination of energy management systems: A. Escolà, F. Babot, A. Dòria-Cerezo, R. Costa-Castelló The case of the metropolitan transport systemIOC- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya 14th IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation Palma de Mallorca, September 22-26,2009 7 The metropolitan railway transport system Temporary energy storage elements Flywheel Mechanical system which stores kinetic energy. Advantages: allows a large number of charges/discharges cycles. Cons: an electrical machine is required Ultracapacitors Consist of two porous electrodes immersed in an electrolyte solution. Advantages: high energy storage density Cons: high economic cost

8. Virtual Laboratory for the dissemination of energy management systems: A. Escolà, F. Babot, A. Dòria-Cerezo, R. Costa-Castelló The case of the metropolitan transport systemIOC- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya 14th IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation Palma de Mallorca, September 22-26,2009 8 System modeling The mathematical model used to reproduce the system energy exchange consists in: The train Temporary energy storage elements Chopper Substations Catenary All elements are modelled as a variable current/voltage sources, connected to a variable resistor line.

9. Virtual Laboratory for the dissemination of energy management systems: A. Escolà, F. Babot, A. Dòria-Cerezo, R. Costa-Castelló The case of the metropolitan transport systemIOC- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya 14th IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation Palma de Mallorca, September 22-26,2009 9 System modeling The train is assumed as a mass with a predefined speed profile. The train power balance considers a damping effect and the disspated energy in the chopper

10. Virtual Laboratory for the dissemination of energy management systems: A. Escolà, F. Babot, A. Dòria-Cerezo, R. Costa-Castelló The case of the metropolitan transport systemIOC- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya 14th IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation Palma de Mallorca, September 22-26,2009 10 System modeling The energy storage elements are modeled as The chopper is a controllable resistive element FlywheelUltracapacitor The substation is considered as a unidirectional voltage source

11. Virtual Laboratory for the dissemination of energy management systems: A. Escolà, F. Babot, A. Dòria-Cerezo, R. Costa-Castelló The case of the metropolitan transport systemIOC- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya 14th IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation Palma de Mallorca, September 22-26,2009 11 System modeling The equivalent circuit depend on the trains position. The catenary connects all elements. The equivalent circuit depends on the trains position.

12. Virtual Laboratory for the dissemination of energy management systems. The case of the metropolitan transport system 14th IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, Palma de Mallorca 12 Virtual Laboratory for the dissemination of energy management systems: A. Escolà, F. Babot, A. Dòria-Cerezo, R. Costa-Castelló The case of the metropolitan transport systemIOC- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya The virtual laboratory Configurable System

13. Virtual Laboratory for the dissemination of energy management systems: A. Escolà, F. Babot, A. Dòria-Cerezo, R. Costa-Castelló The case of the metropolitan transport systemIOC- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya 14th IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation Palma de Mallorca, September 22-26,2009 13 The virtual laboratory Speed profile editor

14. Virtual Laboratory for the dissemination of energy management systems: A. Escolà, F. Babot, A. Dòria-Cerezo, R. Costa-Castelló The case of the metropolitan transport systemIOC- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya 14th IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation Palma de Mallorca, September 22-26,2009 14 The virtual laboratory Energy storage element window

15. Virtual Laboratory for the dissemination of energy management systems: A. Escolà, F. Babot, A. Dòria-Cerezo, R. Costa-Castelló The case of the metropolitan transport systemIOC- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya 14th IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation Palma de Mallorca, September 22-26,2009 15 The virtual laboratory Output graphics

16. Virtual Laboratory for the dissemination of energy management systems: A. Escolà, F. Babot, A. Dòria-Cerezo, R. Costa-Castelló The case of the metropolitan transport systemIOC- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya 14th IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation Palma de Mallorca, September 22-26,2009 16 The virtual laboratory Virtual laboratory main window

17. Virtual Laboratory for the dissemination of energy management systems. The case of the metropolitan transport system 14th IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, Palma de Mallorca 17 Virtual Laboratory for the dissemination of energy management systems: A. Escolà, F. Babot, A. Dòria-Cerezo, R. Costa-Castelló The case of the metropolitan transport systemIOC- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya The virtual laboratory Virtual laboratory main window

18. Virtual Laboratory for the dissemination of energy management systems: A. Escolà, F. Babot, A. Dòria-Cerezo, R. Costa-Castelló The case of the metropolitan transport systemIOC- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya 14th IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation Palma de Mallorca, September 22-26,2009 18 Conclusions An interactive virtual laboratory which allows the simulation of a energy management system for the metropolitan transportation is presented. This tool has been developed using the Easy Java Simulations software, which lets you create dynamic models with a graphical interface. The use of energy storage elements allows a considerable energy saving.