1. Applications: electrochem capacitors + + + + + + + + + + + + ─ ─ ── ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ + + ++ + + + + + + + + V Double-layer (Super) Capacitor Energy is stored by charge separation: E α Q V Q max depends on surface area V max depends on electrolyte stability

2. Applications: co-extruded ultra-caps ARI 160 Double-Layer Capacitor Voltage2.5 Capacitance (Farads)160 ESR (mΩ @ 1000Hz)40 Stored Energy (joules)500 Co-extruded trilayer for ultra-capacitor

3. Applications – automotive trends http://world.honda.com http://www.maxwell.com