2. Festivals are meant to celebrate important events. 2) 意思 mean+ n/ pron/ v-ing/ that 从句 What does the sentence mean? Missing the bus means waiting for another two days. 1.Mean 1) 打算, 意欲 mean+ n/ pron/ to so He means what he says. He means to cause trouble. meaning (n) 意思 meaningful (a) 有意义的

3. 2. celebrate (v) celebration (n) 庆祝活动 hold a celebration/ celebrations 3. harvest 收获

4. 4. take place 发生 The opening ceremony of the 2006 Winter Olympic Games took place in Italy, Feb. 10. Attention: take place 不用于被动语态 take sb’s place/ take the place of sb = replace sb Discuss when they take place. She didn’t attend the meeting, so her assistant took her place (replace her).

5. take place 指经过安排的事情 happen 偶然发生，碰巧发生 break out 灾难、疾病、战争等突然爆发 The World War ________ in 1914. The football match will _________ tomorrow. A terrible traffic accident ________ last night. broke out take place happened

6. Festivals and celebrations of all kinds are held everywhere. The most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of winter… 5. would+ v 过去常常 …

7. 6. a _________ candle ( 燃烧着的 ) 7. starve for 急需 The children are starving for love. starve to death 饿死 lighted They would starve if food was difficult to find, so they celebrated when they have food. They lit fires and made music because they thought these festivals would bring them a year of plenty.

8. 8. a year/ day of plenty 富裕的年月 days/ years of plenty plenty of + 复数 n/ 不可数 n plenty of eggs/ food/milk… 足够的 … ——Have we got enough apples? ——Yes, there are plenty in the basket.

9. 9. 1) honour (n) 光荣，荣誉 They fight for the honour of the country. One must show honour to one’s parents. 2) an hounour 光荣的人或事情 Liu Xiang is an honour to our country. 3) v 尊敬, 给以荣誉 Children should honour their parents. 4) in honour of 为了纪念 A festival is set in honour of the hero. Some festivals are held to honour the dead, or satisfy and please the ancestors, who could return either to help or to do harm.

10. 听到她悦耳的声音我们很高兴. We are _________ to hear her ________voice. It is such a _________ to us. 10. satisfy (v) 使 … 满意 be satisfied with 对 … 满意 satisfactory (adj) 另人满意的 11. Please pleased pleasant pleasure ( 人 ) 高兴的 … ( 物 ) 好听的，另人舒服的 高兴的事情 pleased pleasure pleasant

11. 12. do harm (to) sb = harm sb In Japan, the festival is called Obon, when people should go to clean the graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors. 13. in memory of 纪念, 悼念 … They light lamps and play music because they think that this will lead the ancestors back to earth.

12. 14. lead---led ----led 1) 给带路, 指路 She led the man across the street. Our guide led us to the temple. 2) 生活, 过 … 生活 lead a … life We are leading a happy life. 3) 通向, 导致 All roads lead to Rome. His carelessness led to the trouble.

13. 15. origin 起源, 来源 地球上生命的起源 the origin of life of earth The festival of Halloween had its origin as an event in memory of the dead. It now a children’s festival, when they can go to their neighbor's homes and ask for sweets. They dress up and try to frighten people. If they are not given anything, the children might play a trick. 16. play a trick/ joke on sb

14. 17. poet 诗人 poem 诗歌 Another is Columbus Day, in memory of his arrival in America. 18. arrive (v) arrival (n) The arrival of the plane has been delayed. ____ my arrival at school, Mr Li was there. On Festivals can be held as an honour to famous people or to the gods. One of these is the Dragon Boat Festival in China, which honours the famous ancient poet, Qu Yuan.

15. 19. depend( 依靠 ) independence (n) 独立 20. gain (n/ v) I gained a lot from my teacher. No pains, no gains. Independent (adj) In India, there is a national festival on October 2 to honour Mahatma Gandhi, the leader who helped gain India’s independence.

16. 21. grateful (thankful) 感动的，感激的 I’m grateful to you for your help. 22. agriculture (n) 农业 agricultural (adj) 农业的 industry (n) 工业 industrial (adj) 工业的 Harvest and Thanksgiving can be very happy events. People are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter, and because a season of agricultural work is over.

17. 23. gather 1) A lot of people gathered to see what had happened. 聚集, 集合 (vi) 2) The student gathered a lot of information about the hero. 收集 (vt)

18. 24. award 奖励 reward 回报, 报酬 He received an award of 1,000 dollars. He was awarded a medal for his excellent work. In European countries, it is the custom to decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit, and people get together to have meals. Some people might win awards for their animals, flowers, fruit, and vegetables…

19. 25. admire admire sb for sth They admired our garden. I admired him for his success in business. In China and Japan there are mid-autumn festivals, when people admire the moon and give gifts of mooncakes.

20. 26. energy (n) 力量, 生机 energetic (adj) 精力充沛的, 积极的 27. look forward to( 介词 ) + n/ v-ing I’m looking forward to his coming. --ward 向着 … 方向 backward 向后 forward 向前 The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring.

21. At the Spring Festival in China, people eat dumplings, fish and meat, and may give children lucky money in red paper. There are the dragon dances and carnivals, and families celebrate the lunar New Year. In some Western countries there are very exciting carnivals, which take place forty days before Easter, usually in February.

22. They might include parades, dancing in the streets day and night, loud music and colorful clothing of all kinds. Easter is an important religious and social festival in Christian countries. It celebrates the return of Jesus for Christians and it also celebrates the coming of spring.

23. In Japan, the Cherry Blossom Festival happens a little later. The country is covered with cherry tree flowers so that it looks as though it might be covered with pink snow. 28. As though/ if 好象 eg. He rubbed his eyes as though waking up after a long sleep.

24. as if/ though 后面要接虚拟语气表示不太真实，有 疑问的事情. as if/ though 所带的从句所用的时 态比前面真实句所用的时态倒退一个时态. He behaved as though nothing had happened. Susan is walking slowly as though she was tired. 但 as if/ though 引导的句子如果表示很可能的事实 就用陈述语气, 不用倒退时态 It looks as if it is going to rain. 与过去事实相反 与现在事实相反

25. People love to get together to eat, drink and have fun with each other. Festivals let us enjoy our life, be proud of our customs and forget our daily life for a little while. 29. have fun with sb