1. LIGO Status and Plans Barry Barish / Gary Sanders 13-May-02

2. Baltimore / Koonin Briefing
LIGO overall strategy
Strategy presented to NSB by Thorne / Barish in 1994
Search with a first generation interferometer where detection of gravitational waves are ‘plausible’
LIGO I uses demonstrated technologies
Design sensitivity h ~ 10-21
Plan is to interleave interferometer studies and improvements with incrementally improving data runs
Search Goal: one year of integrated data at ~ design sensitivity
Advanced LIGO – detection “likely”
Do enabling R&D and design in parallel with LIGO I
Incremental upgrades to laser, suspensions, optics, test masses
Sensitivity: ~ 15x improvement (rate improves by 103 !!)
Time scale: operational by 2008
13-May-02
Baltimore / Koonin Briefing

3. Astrophysical Signatures physics goals
Compact binary inspiral: “chirps”
NS-NS waveforms are well described
BH-BH need better waveforms
search technique: matched templates
Supernovae / GRBs: “bursts”
burst signals in coincidence with signals in electromagnetic radiation
prompt alarm (~ one hour) with neutrino detectors
Pulsars in our galaxy: “periodic”
search for observed neutron stars (frequency, doppler shift)
all sky search (computing challenge)
r-modes
Cosmological Signals “stochastic background”
13-May-02
Baltimore / Koonin Briefing

4. Known Pulsars maximum gravitational wave signal
Jones, gr-qc/
13-May-02
Baltimore / Koonin Briefing

5. “Periodic Signals” pulsars sensitivity
Pulsars in our galaxy
non axisymmetric:
10-4 < e < 10-6
science: neutron star precession; interiors
narrow band searches best
all sky searches
13-May-02
Baltimore / Koonin Briefing

6. Baltimore / Koonin Briefing
LIGO Plans schedule
1996 Construction Underway (mostly civil)
1997 Facility Construction (vacuum system)
1998 Interferometer Construction (complete facilities)
1999 Construction Complete (interferometers in vacuum)
2000 Detector Installation (commissioning subsystems)
2001 Commission Interferometers (first coincidences)
2002 Sensitivity studies (initiate short data taking runs)
LIGO I data run (one year integrated data at h ~ 10-21)
2006 Begin Advanced LIGO installation
13-May-02
Baltimore / Koonin Briefing

7. The LIGO Observatories
LIGO Hanford Observatory [LHO]
26 km north of Richland, WA
LIGO Livingston Observatory [LLO]
42 km east of Baton Rouge, LA
13-May-02
Baltimore / Koonin Briefing

8. Summary integrated schedule
13-May-02
Baltimore / Koonin Briefing

9. LIGO costs & commitments
13-May-02
Baltimore / Koonin Briefing

10. LIGO contingency vs percent complete
13-May-02
Baltimore / Koonin Briefing

11. Baltimore / Koonin Briefing
Staffing history
13-May-02
Baltimore / Koonin Briefing

12. Staffing labor distribution projections
13-May-02
Baltimore / Koonin Briefing

13. Major NSF Reviews Operations Renewal - 2001
Review of Operations Proposal
Review of Advanced R&D Proposal
Requested $175M for 5 years of operations
Outstanding reviews –
“The Review Panel was extremely impressed with all aspects of the LIGO Program and feels that it should receive the highest possible rating”
“The Review Panel recommends that the NSF, even in the eventuality of overall fiscal pressures, support the LIGO program at the requested level.”
Funding approved by NSB (Aug 01) at $160M
Annual LIGO Review
Concentrated on computing facilities
Next review – Fall 02
13-May-02
Baltimore / Koonin Briefing

14. Baltimore / Koonin Briefing
NSF Review Panel
LIGO Goals and Plans
“The two goals of the program for the next five-year period were described to the Panel. The first goal is the operation of the LIGO I interferometers to search for gravitational waves with the strain sensitivity of h= This sensitivity is sufficient to make plausible, but not to guarantee, significant discoveries. The second goal is to pursue the R&D necessary for the design and construction of the Advanced LIGO interferometers with a 15-fold sensitivity improvement. Since the number of detectable sources is expected to scale as the cube of the sensitivity, Advanced LIGO is crucial in realizing the scientific goals of the program. The Review Panel felt that both of these goals are of paramount importance, and that the balance between the resources planned by LIGO on these two efforts is about right.”
13-May-02
Baltimore / Koonin Briefing

15. Baltimore / Koonin Briefing
LIGO Plans schedule
1996 Construction Underway (mostly civil)
1997 Facility Construction (vacuum system)
1998 Interferometer Construction (complete facilities)
1999 Construction Complete (interferometers in vacuum)
2000 Detector Installation (commissioning subsystems)
2001 Commission Interferometers (first coincidences)
2002 Sensitivity studies (initiate short data taking runs)
LIGO I data run (one year integrated data at h ~ 10-21)
2006 Begin LIGO II installation
13-May-02
Baltimore / Koonin Briefing

16. Baltimore / Koonin Briefing
Laser stabilization
Deliver pre-stabilized laser light to the 15-m mode cleaner
Frequency fluctuations
In-band power fluctuations
Power fluctuations at 25 MHz
Provide actuator inputs for further stabilization
Wideband
Tidal IO
10-Watt
Laser
PSL
Interferometer
15m
4 km
Tidal
Wideband
10-1 Hz/Hz1/2
10-4 Hz/ Hz1/2
10-7 Hz/ Hz1/2
13-May-02
Baltimore / Koonin Briefing

17. Baltimore / Koonin Briefing
LIGO laser
Nd:YAG
1.064 mm
Output power > 8W in TEM00 mode
13-May-02
Baltimore / Koonin Briefing

18. Prestabalized Laser performance
> 25,000 hours continuous operation
Frequency and lock very robust
TEM00 power > 8 watts
Non-TEM00 power < 10%
Improvements in optical path brought noise to better than design at low frequencies
13-May-02
Baltimore / Koonin Briefing

19. Baltimore / Koonin Briefing
Lock Acquisition
13-May-02
Baltimore / Koonin Briefing

20. E7 Run Summary LIGO + GEO Interferometers
28 Dec Jan 2002 (402 hr)
Singles data
All segments Segments >15min
L1 locked hrs (71%) hrs (62%)
L1 clean hrs (61%) hrs (53%)
L1 longest clean segment: 3:58
H1 locked hrs (72%) hrs (57%)
H1 clean hrs (62%) hrs (48%)
H1 longest clean segment: 4:04
H2 locked hrs (53%) hrs (39%)
H2 clean hrs (38%) hrs (28%)
H2 longest clean segment: 7:24
Coincidence Data
All segments Segments >15min
2X: H2, L1
locked hrs (39%) hrs (24%)
clean hrs (26%) hrs (16%)
H2,L1 longest clean segment: 1:50
3X : L1+H1+ H2
locked hrs (35%) hrs (18%)
clean hrs (21%) hrs (11%)
L1+H1+ H2 : longest clean segment: 1:18
4X: L1+H1+ H2 +GEO:
77 hrs (23 %) hrs (7.81 %)
13-May-02
Baltimore / Koonin Briefing

21. Baltimore / Koonin Briefing
LIGO I the noise floor
Interferometry is limited by three fundamental noise sources
seismic noise at the lowest frequencies
thermal noise at intermediate frequencies
shot noise at high frequencies
Many other noise sources lurk underneath and must be controlled as the instrument is improved
13-May-02
Baltimore / Koonin Briefing

22. Engineering Test Run 2 weeks – Jan 02
PRELIMINARY
4 Km Hanford
4 Km Livingston
2 Km Hanford
13-May-02
Baltimore / Koonin Briefing

23. Strain Spectra for E7 comparison with design sensitivity
LIGO I
Design
13-May-02
Baltimore / Koonin Briefing

24. Baltimore / Koonin Briefing
Engineering Run
detecting earthquakes
From electronic logbook 2-Jan-02
An earthquake occurred, starting at UTC 17:38.
The plot shows the band limited rms output in counts over the Hz band for four seismometer channels. We turned off lock acquisition and are waiting for the ground motion to calm down.
13-May-02
Baltimore / Koonin Briefing

25. Baltimore / Koonin Briefing
17:03:03
01/02/2002
=========================================================================
Seismo-Watch
Earthquake Alert Bulletin No
Preliminary data indicates a significant earthquake has occurred:
Regional Location: VANUATU ISLANDS
Magnitude: 7.3M
Greenwich Mean Date: 2002/01/02
Greenwich Mean Time: 17:22:50
Latitude: 17.78S
Longitude: E
Focal depth: 33.0km
Analysis Quality: A
Source: National Earthquake Information Center (USGS-NEIC)
Seismo-Watch, Your Source for Earthquake News and Information.
Visit
All data are preliminary and subject to change.
Analysis Quality: A (good), B (fair), C (poor), D (bad)
Magnitude: Ml (local or Richter magnitude), Lg (mblg), Md (duration),
13-May-02
Baltimore / Koonin Briefing

26. Detecting the Earth Tides Sun and Moon
13-May-02
Baltimore / Koonin Briefing

27. Stochastic Background
projected sensitivities evolution
13-May-02
Baltimore / Koonin Briefing

28. Improvements LHO 2K – Jan 02 preliminary
• Closed
feedback loop
from arms to
laser frequency
• Reallocation
of gains within
length control
servo system
13-May-02
Baltimore / Koonin Briefing

29. Interferometer Sensitivities Baltimore / Koonin Briefing
Evolution of TAMA
13-May-02
Baltimore / Koonin Briefing

30. Noise Level contributing components
13-May-02
Baltimore / Koonin Briefing

31. Run Plan commissioning & data taking
• Science 1 run: 13 TB data “Upper Limits”
29 June - 15 July
2.5 weeks - comparable to E7
Target sensitivity: 200x design
• Science 2 run: 44 TB data “Upper Limits”
22 November - 6 January 2003
8 weeks -- 15% of 1 yr
Target sensitivity: 20x design
• Science 3 run: 142 TB data “Search Run”
1 July January 2004
26 weeks -- 50% of 1 yr
Target sensitivity: 5x design
13-May-02
Baltimore / Koonin Briefing

32. LIGO Scientific Collaboration LIGO I
International Members:
ACIGA (Australia)
GEO 600 (UK/Germany)
IUCAA (Pune, India)
US Universities:
Caltech LIGO/CaRT/CEGG/CACR
Carleton
Cornell
Cal State University Dominguez Hills
Florida
Louisiana State
Louisiana Tech
Michigan
MIT LIGO
Oregon
Penn State
Southern
Syracuse
Texas-Brownsville
Wisconsin-Milwaukee
US Agencies & Institutions
FNAL (DOE)
Goddard-GGWAG (NASA)
Harvard-Smithsonian
International partners (have MOUs with LIGO Laboratory):
TAMA (Japan)
Virgo (France/Italy)
21 Institutions, 26 Groups, 281 Members
13-May-02
Baltimore / Koonin Briefing

33. Baltimore / Koonin Briefing
LIGO summary
LIGO construction completed in 2000
LIGO commissioning and testing ‘on track’
Engineering test runs underway, during period when emphasis is on commissioning, detector sensitivity and reliability.
Short upper limit data runs interleaved
First Science Search Run : first search run will begin during 2003
Significant improvements in sensitivity ~ 2008
13-May-02
Baltimore / Koonin Briefing