1. Lecture#1: Energy Generation Prof. Park UTI-111 Essex County College

2. Force, Energy, and Power Force (N) = mass (kg) x acceleration (m/s 2 ) Energy (Joule) = Force (N) x Distance (m) Power (W) = Energy (Joule) / Time (s)

3. Forms of Energy Thermal Energy (heat) Chemical Energy (Fuels or Batteries) Kinetic Energy (Moving substances) Electrical Energy Gravitational Potential Energy Mechanical Energy Nuclear Energy

4. Laws of Thermodynamics First Law of Thermodynamics: In any transformation of energy from one form to another, the total quantity of energy remains unchanged. That is, energy is always conserved. Second Law of Thermodynamics: When we convert energy from one form to another, the useful output is never as much as the input. That is, there is a limit to the efficiency of any heat engine.

5. Fuel type Average power in TW [12]powerTW [12] 198020042006 Oil4.385.585.74 Gas1.803.453.61 Coal2.343.874.27 Hydroelectric0.5990.9330.995 Nuclear0.2530.9140.929 Geothermal, wind, solar, wood 0.0160.1330.158 Total9.4815.015.8 world consumption for most types of primary energy resources

6. 2004 Worldwide Energy Sources

8. Existing Capacity by Energy Source Energy Source Capacity Coal[1] 336,04030.9% Petroleum[2] 62,3945.7% Natural Gas[3] 449,38941.3% Other Gases[4] 2,6630.2% Nuclear 105,7649.7% Hydroelectric Conventional[5] 77,6447.1% Wind 16,5961.5% Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic 5030.0% Wood and Wood Derived Fuels[6] 7,5100.7% Geothermal 3,2330.3% Other Biomass[7] 4,8340.4% Pumped Storage 20,3551.9% Other[8] 8660.1% Total1,087,791100.0%

9. PSEG Energy Sources The electricity you consume comes from the Pennsylvania-New Jersey-Maryland (PJM) power grid, which receives power from a variety of power plants and transmits electricity to meet the requirements of customers throughout the region. Your electric supplier is responsible for generating and/or purchasing electricity that is added to the power grid in an amount sufficient to satisfy electric usage requirements. Resources used to generate electricity fall into two categories: Non-Renewable and Renewable Energy Resources.

10. Non-Renewable Energy Non-Renewable Energy Resources are fossil fuels (gas, oil and coal) which are burned to produce electricity, or nuclear power. Among fossil fuels, natural gas is cleaner than coal. Coal can be burned producing fewer emissions with extensive investments in advanced pollution control equipment. Nuclear power produces electricity without any CO2, NOx, or SO2 emissions. PSEG produces power from gas, oil, coal and nuclear sources. PSEG has made investments in advanced pollution control equipment at its coal plants and operates state-of-the-art natural gas facilities.CO2NOxSO2

11. Non-Renewable Energy

12. Renewable Energy Air Emissions for CO2, NOx, and SO2 are presented as a percent of the New Jersey Benchmark. The benchmark is set at the average emissions performance of all electric generating units in New Jersey.CO2NOxSO2 Approximately 50% of the electricity generated in New Jersey comes from nuclear power. Nuclear power produces electricity without CO2, NOx and SO2 emissions; therefore, New Jersey’s benchmark is low. Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is released when fossil fuels (coal, oil and gas) are burned. Carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, may contribute to global warming. Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) form when fossil fuels and biomass are burned at high temperatures. They contribute to ground-level ozone (or smog), and to the formation of acid rain. Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) is formed when fuels containing sulfur, primarily coal and oil, are burned. SO2 combines with water and oxygen in the atmosphere to form acid rain.Carbon Dioxide (CO2)Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)

14. PSEG Nuclear MWLocation Peach Bottom2,224Delta, PA Salem2,383Hancocks Bridge, NJ Hope Creek1,219Hancocks Bridge, NJ

15. PSEG Fossile FuelMWLocation BergenNatural Gas1,246Ridgefield, NJ BethlehemNatural Gas747Bethlehem, NY BridgeportCoal, Oil529Bridgeport Harbor, CT BurlingtonGas, Oil553Burlington, NJ EdisonGas504Edison, NJ EssexGas, Oil617Newark, NJ KearnyGas446Kearny, NJ HudsonCoal, Gas, Oil927Jersey City, NJ LindenGas1,566Linden, NJ MercerGas751Trenton, NJ

16. PSE&G Electric Distribution Locations Metropolitan Division Clifton, NJMetropolitan Division Palisades Division Secaucus, NJPalisades Division Central Division Somerset, NJCentral Division Southern Division - Lawrenceville Southern Division - Moorestown

17. PSE&G Gas Distribution Locations Audubon Gas Audubon, NJ 08106Audubon Gas Burlington Gas Burlington, NJ 08016Burlington Gas Clifton Gas Clifton, NJ 07011Clifton Gas East Jersey Gas Oakland, NJ 07306East Jersey Gas New Brunswick New Brunswick, NJ 08903New Brunswick Oakland Gas Oakland, NJ 07436Oakland Gas Oradell Gas Oradell, NJ 07649Oradell Gas Orange Gas East Orange, NJ 07017Orange Gas Plainfield Gas Plainfield, NJ 07063Plainfield Gas Summit Gas Summit, NJ 07901Summit Gas Trenton Gas Lawrence Township, NJ 08648Trenton Gas

18. Get Into Energy Careers in the energy industry are exciting and lucrative. Plus, with over 10,000 positions becoming available each year, there are plenty of opportunities available. After you' ve had a chance to explore the array of careers on the Get into Energy site, learn more about how you can help your students in the special Teachers/Guidance Counselors section on the Center for Energy Workforce Development' s web site.Teachers/Guidance Counselors section